Industrial Waste

Treatment
Gabriel C. Anico
 Industrial Waste

-These wastes are varied and complex.

They find their way to streams which is the
only practicable source of drinking water. Thus
the wastes affect in some way or other, the
normal life of a stream or the normal
functioning of sewerage. Pollution of the
stream leads to discoloring and foul smell.
-strong pollution may kill the fishes and
make the water unfit for various purposes.
 Wastes from Breweries and
Distilleries
-they are produced by the process of steeping and
pressing of grain, fermenting, racking, blending and
bottling, residue from distillation and condensates from
stillage evaporation.
-Molasses is the main waste from distilleries. It
contains nitrogen, fermented starch and their products,
suspended solids.
Treatment Cycle
ScreeningPrimary ClarifierFilteringEffluent
Clarifier

ScreeningDigesterSand Drying
 Tanneries
-it occupies a significant position in the economy.
Tannery wastes from vegetable and chrome tanning
process are the most difficult to dispose of. It
contains toxic chromium compounds. 80,000-
1,200,000 L of wastes per ton of wet and salted hides
processed are produced. It contains high total solids,
suspended and soluble salts, skin tissues, proteins,
hair, blood, dirt, filth, and some organic compounds.
- it is commonly treated in admixture with
municipal sewage.
 Wastes from Textile Industries
-Large varieties of wastes are produced with
different characteristics from textile mills. They contain
high suspended solids, dirt, manure, sweat, soap,
detergents, grease, etc. When discharged into water,
they impart color, turbidity, change in pH, deplete
dissolved oxygen, and increase temperature.

-treatment includes neutralization, chemical

precipitation, filtration, pre and post aeration, chemical
oxidation and biological treatment.
 Wastes from Paper and Pulp Mills

-paper industries produce a large quantity of

troublesome wastes. Wastes contain bark and
sawdust, black carbon residue, lime sludge, clay and
carbon and suspended solids. When they are
discharge into streams, they impart color, turbidity
and hardness, increase bottom deposits, encourage
slime growth and create unsightly conditions.
- treatment includes screening, settling,
floatation, filtration, lagooning , aeration, anaerobic
digestion, trickling filters, oxidation and irrigation.
 Wastes from Dairies
-dairies produces waste water twice or 8 times the
milk process. Wastes are highly concentrated and
perishable and cannot be discharged into streams due
to high level of pollution.

wastes can be treated by oxidation, grit chamber,

trickling filter, spray irrigation, ridge and furrow
irrigation, dilution, lagooning, septic tank and
chlorination for odor.
 Wastes from Fertilizer
Plants
-these wastes are produced by washing and
drainage. They contain poly-phosphates or
superphosphates, acids and inorganic chemical
compounds.
-when discharged into streams, they impart taste
and odor and cause excessive foaming and toxicity to
aquatic animals.
-treatment includes settlement, decantation,
filtration, floatation, skimming and oxidation.
 Wastes from Sugar Mills
-beet sugar industries produce large amount of
wastes due to screening and juicing waters, washing,
drainage and condensates. They contain protein,
nitrogen and sucrose and suspended solids.

-wastes can be disposed by screening,

sedimentation, coagulation, lagooning and irrigation.
 Wastes From Cane Sugar
Industries

-wastes consists mainly of crushed cane

which is a mixture of water juices and wash
water. - -Treatment for this is to use the
crushed cane as animal feeds or as fuel.
Wastes from Pharmaceutical
Plants
wastes contains nutrients, organic residues
from fermentation, myscelium ,residual
solvents, defoaming agents and wastes
waters. They impart turbidity and taste for
receiving waters.

They can be treated by municipal sewage.

Oxidation, aeration, and biological filtration.
Wastes from Steel Plants
-these wastes are produced from coking of
coal, washing of blast furnace and rolling mills,
flue gas, wash water, pickling of steel cooling
waters and drainage

They can be treated with clarification,

neutralization with lime, chemical coagulation,
screening, skimming, evaporation, and
crysallisation.
Land Irrigation
- disposal of sewage in the ground can
serve not only to recharge groundwater
supplies but also to return the nutrients to the
soil.
Composting
-a mixture of various decaying organic
substances, as dead leaves or manure, used
for fertilizing soil.

-compost has the property to hold water like

a sponge when its applied to soil.