KNOWLEDGE SHARING

SESSION

Kavi Bharathi .M
 AGENDA

Self Introduction
About T&C
About TECOMS
About T&C Operation
Knowledge Sharing on Testing of
insulation
Self Learnings
Message to Others
 SELF INTRODUCTION

I Have Completed Diploma in Electrical and Electronics

Engineering In 2007 Infant Jesus Polytechnic Collage In
Trichy
I STARTED MY CARRIER IN SALTECH SYSTEM INDIA
PVT LTD IN HYDRABAD AS A JUNIOR ENGINEER
( TESTING AND COMMISSIONING)
I SWITCHED OVER SALTECH TO ISOSCELES Sales &
Service Pvt. Ltd. In 2009 As Sr. Engineer (T&C)
Joined L&T Construction in 07 July 2011
I have 9 years experience in (T&C)
I have involved my self in Social Service after joining
L&T We are Create a library of rural schools
 ABOUT T&C

Testing & Commissioning Department is a part of EDRC

which was formed by Mr. V. Selvaraj Sir in 2009
Our department is having ISO 9001:2015 certification
(Quality management system) and it also accommodates
a NABL accredited calibration lab at HQ campus.
Our T&C deportment have successfully commission more
than 130 substation , power plant, metro station ,
various station in India
In addition we also provide inspection support for power
& instrument transformers, circuit breakers, switchgears,
relay & protection panels etc.
 ABOUT TECOMS

Testing & Commissioning Online Monitoring System

(TECOMS) is an online portal integrated in EIP-Vidhya
dedicated for monitoring of all projects wherever T&C
activities are going on.
It is also used for man hour calculation for various projects
and man hour monitoring of T&C engineers & test kits for
invoicing.
Other functionalities include kit availability, kit location, kit
request, kit calibration status and storage of test reports,
calibration certificates, test kit software.
 GOOD INSULATION

As you know good insulation has high

resistance; poor insulation, relatively low
resistance. The actual resistance values can
be higher or lower, depending upon such
factors as the temperature or moisture
content of the insulation (resistance
decreases in temperature or moisture).
 TYPE OF INSULATION
TESTING

Insulation Resistances Measurement

Tan Delta Measurement
PD Measurement
HI-Pot Test
Power Frequency Voltage Withstand Test.
Induced Over Voltage Test
Lightning Impulse Voltage Withstand Test
Switching Impulse Withstand Test
 INSULATION RESISTANCES
MEASUREMENT

Insulation resistances measurement

basically use for verifying the electrical
insulation level of any device such as
motor, cable, generator winding, etc.
Insulation resistances measurement Not
necessary it shows us exact area of
electrical puncture but shows the
amount of leakage current and level of
moisture within electrical system
 PRINCIPLE OF INSULATION
RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT

The method used to measure

insulation resistance is based on
Ohms law. A high voltage is applied
across the resistance; the current
that flows through the insulation is
measured. The ratio of voltage and
current gives the resistance.
R=V/I
Q:We are test insulation resistances and we are
getting good result then why we need performed
the tan delta and other testing
A: The answer is for applying 5 kV or 10 kV DC
voltage in high voltage system we could not check
full healthiness of high voltage insulation, so we
need to check the purity of the insulation For the
checking in purity of insulation we are
performed the tan delta testing

Let us see the basic and principle of tan delta testing in the
next slide
 PRINCIPLE OF TAN DELTA
TEST

A pure insulator when is connected across line and earth,

it behaves as a capacitor. In an ideal insulator, as the
insulating material which acts as dielectric too, is 100 %
pure, the electric current passing through the insulator,
only have capacitive component. There is no resistive
component of the current, flowing from line to earth
through insulator as in ideal insulating material, there is
zero percent impurity.
In pure capacitor, the capacitive electric current leads
the applied voltage by 90.
In practice, the insulator cannot be made 100% pure.
Also due to the ageing of insulator the impurities like dirt
and moisture enter into it. These impurities provide the
conductive path to the current. Consequently, leakage
electric current flowing from line earth through insulator
As the ideal capacitive component of leakage electric
currentI leads systemvoltageby 90

I
V
Cp 90

V
 The dissipation factor is the ratio of the current flowing
through the resistor and current flowing through ideal
capacitor
The Power factor is the ratio of the current flowing through the
resistor and overall current
I
V C R

DF = Tan = IR /Ic
PF = Cos = IR/I
 HOW TO MEASURE THE
CAPACITANCES AND TAN DELTA

We can measure the capacitances and tan delta three basic

modes

UST- Ungrounded Specimen Test

GST- Grounded Specimen Test
GST Guard Mode- Guarded Specimen Test
UST- Ungrounded Specimen Test
UST modeis used to measure insulationbetween two
ungrounded terminalsof the apparatus,isolate an
individual section of insulationand test it without
measuring other connected insulation.
 GST- Grounded Specimen Test
GST mode, both leakage paths (ground lead and the red
or blue lead) are measured by the test set. The current,
watts loss, and capacitance parameters of theUST and
GST Guard tests should equal the parameters in the
GST test. This gives the overall condition orpower
factorof the test specimen.

GST Guard Mode- Guarded Specimen Test

TheGST Guardtests measures the total current leaking

toground only. The power factor test setignorescurrent
flowing through thered or blue lead.
Q : We have tested the tan delta and We got good result
also (Insulation purity also good ) then why we have to
performed Partial discharge testing
A : PD is the pre fault finding test
while manufacturing the insulating material of any very
small air gap occurred we can not find this fault in tan delta
and other insulation testing so that we are perform the PD
testing

Let us see the basic and principle of Partial discharge in

the next slide
 PARTIAL DISCHARGE

Partial discharges (PD) are small electrical sparks that occur

within the insulation of medium and high voltage electrical
assets. Each discrete partial discharge is the result of an
electrical breakdown of an air pocket within the insulation.
These discharges erode insulation and eventually result in
insulation failure.

Localized electrical discharge that only partially bridges the

insulation between conductors and which can or can not occur
adjacent to a conductor
PD normally develop in air gaps or on insulation surfaces
WHAT HAPPENS DURING A
PD?
We can perform the partial discharge test below mentioned
method

Online Partial Discharge Testing

Periodic Partial Discharge Testing
Continuous Online Monitoring
Offline Partial Discharge Testing
PD TEST REPORT
 HI-POT TESTING

Hi-pot is an abbreviation for high potential. Traditionally,

hi-pot is a term given to a class of electrical safety testing
instruments used to verify electrical insulation in finished
appliances

Dielectric Breakdown Test

Dielectric Withstand Test.
 Dielectric Breakdown Test
The test voltage is increased until the dielectric fails, or
breaks down, allowing too much current to flow. The
dielectric is often destroyed by this test so this test is used
on a random sample basis. This test allows designers to
estimate the breakdown voltage of a product's design and
to see where the breakdown occurred
Dielectric Withstand Test
A standard test voltage is applied and the resulting leakage
current is monitored, up to specified time .The leakage
current must be below a preset limit or the test is
considered to have failed.
 HI-POT TEST VOLTAGE

Sr.N System Hi-Pot test voltage Hi-Pot test voltage

o voltage in AC in DC
1 6.6 kV 14.2 kV 18 kV
2 11 kV 23 kV 26 kV
3 33 kV 54 kV 60 kV

Formula : 2V+1 for AC

2V+1*2

V = system voltage
 SELF LEARNINGS

Followings are my learnings at IPDS project

Surveying of R&M Substation
Make the test planning for Renovation and
Modernization work

Followings are my learnings at Metro project

Differential Stability testing of 33kV cable in two metro
station
Understand the 25 kV traction power supply system
 MESSAGE TO OTHERS

Before proceeding for the testing we should check the

power supply quality and earth resistances of the system
After completion of the testing we should cleaning all kit
and cables in every day and we shout windup the kit and
cable Proper way
While doing the we should keep the kit in proper table
Thank you