Designing of a GSS and

Power line Communication

GSS(grid sub-station) {EE} and Communication using PLCC {ECE}
Training overview

Name of industry : Bhakra Beas Management Board

Location : SLDC Complex, Chandigarh

Duration of training : January to June 2016

Department of training : Electrical engineering

Designing of a G.S.S
[Grid Sub-Station]

Basics of substation design and Design considerations

Content:

Why Bother?
Introductio
n Introduction

Design layout
Project Assumptions

Single Line Diagram

Work Design of Busbar
Why bother?

We know that the generated voltage do not exceed 20-25 kilo volts.
The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristic (e.g. voltage, a.c. to
d.c., frequency, pf etc.) of electric supply is called a sub-station.
Therefore, we need a substation for the transmission and distribution system.
INTRODUCTION

Design a 132KV/33KV EHV sub-station.

Elemental work
Selection of site
Estimation of requirements like Capital and Material
Efficient transmission of power
A DESIGN LAYOUT OF 132/33 KV, 200
MW SUB-STATION

3.2MW
A 33kV
132/33KV
16.2kV 20 MVA
Stepped 3.2MW
G up to B 33kV
132kv
3.2MW
36MW
C 33kV
D 132kV
Assumptions:

The value of surge impedance of transmission lines under consideration = 325

Total load requirement = 3.2 MW + 3.2 MW + 3.2 MW + 36 MW
The distance between the substation & the neighboring generating station is 50km.

The SIL of 132 KV line = (132KV)2/325 = 53.61 = 54 MW (approx)

The SIL of 33 KV line = (33KV)2/325 = 3.35 = 3.5 MW (approx)
132-33 kV substation single line diagram
Reference: ijiet.com/wp-content/uploads/sld/
DESIGN OF BUS BARS

In our substation, we have chosen ONE MAIN BUS AND ONE TRANSFER BUS system.
The buses are coupled using a bus-coupler which facilitates load transfer while
maintenance and fault conditions.
Load catered = 200 MW
Voltage = 132 KV
P = 3 VI cos
We take power factor as 0.9
Rated current is taken to be I ampere, we get I = 971.97 ampere
Going by the rated current that is required to be catered we chose twin moose
conductor for the purpose of main bus and normal single moose for transfer bus.
Decision of Designing a Substation

When we decide to designing a substation we need to put the following points into
consideration

1. Load calculation and Future growth

2. Power grid requirements to prove the power performance
3. Equipment's quality and reliability
4. Location of substation
5. Finally cost of design and maintenance
Design Considerations

Low life cycle cost

Safety
Standardization (Equipment and Station Configurations)
Substation Project Triggers

Load Growth

System Stability

System Reliability

System Capacity
Power Line Communication
[PLC]

Primary communication service in a substation

Content

Introduction
General modulation principle
Introduction
Basic principle of PLCC

Arrangements
Line traps
Project Tuning Capacitor

Maintenance
Fault Procedure
traction
Introduction

PLCC,Power Line Carrier Communication, is an approach to utilize the existing

power lines for the transmission of information.
This technology has been in wide use since 1950 and was mainly used by the grid
stations to transmit information at high speed.
Transmit speech, telemetry and protection tripping commands.
Can use existing infrastructure for data traffic
Involves a lot of technicalities.
Also known as:
power-line
power-line
power-line
mains networking(PLN)
communication
digital
telecommunications
carrier
subscriber line(PDSL)
Basic principle of PLCC

The voice/data are mixed with radio frequency carrier (40-500kHz),

amplified to a level of 10-80W RF power and injected in to high voltage
power line using a suitable coupling capacitor.
The power line as a rigid long conductor parallel to ground, guides the
carrier waves along the transmission line. Point to point communication
takes place between two SSB transceivers at both ends.
Here, the existing alternating current (AC) power wires serve as a
transmission medium by which information is relayed from a
transmitter or control station to one or more receivers or loads
connected downstream from an AC source.
Substation communication PLCC
extra

Power Line Communication (PLC) is a communication technology that

enables sending data over existing power cables.
Power-line communication(PLC) is a communication protocol that
uses electrical wiring to simultaneously carry both data, and Alternating
Current (AC).
PLCC is used in all power utilities as a primary communication service to
transmit speech, telemetry and protection tripping commands.
It is also known aspower-line carrier,power-line digital subscriber
line(PDSL),mains communication,power-line
telecommunications, orpower-line networking(PLN).
Contd. extra

The power line as a rigid long conductor parallel to ground, guides the carrier
waves to travel along the transmission line.
The voice/data are mixed with radio frequency carrier (40-500kHz), amplified to a
level of 10-80W RF power and injected in to high voltage power line using a suitable
coupling capacitor.
This is economic and reliable for inter grid message transfer as well as low bit rate
RTU signals.
Point to point communication takes place between two SSB transceivers at both
ends.
Understanding PLC extra

For the purpose of understanding, PLC can be broadly viewed as:

1. Narrowband PLC
2. Broadband PLC

Narrowband PLC works at lower frequencies (3-500 kHz), lower data rates (up to 100s
of kbps), and has longer range (up to several kilometers), which can be extended
using repeaters.
Broadband PLC works at higher frequencies (1.8-250 MHz), high data rates (up to 100s
of Mbps) and is used in shorter-range applications.
Components

PLCC Terminal: translates voice and data into high frequency carrier. Output
power =10 to 80W
Line matching unit(LMU): for impedance matching between line and coaxial
cable, includes high voltage protection devices like drainage coil (20mH), lightening
arrestor (500V) and an earth switch.
Coupling Capacitor (C.C): couples high frequency carrier with power line
( 4000 to10000 pF)
Line Trap (L.T): Do not allow the transmitted HF carrier to enter inside the Sub-
station. (L = 0.5 to 2mH) without line trap HF carrier get by- passed to some other line
on the same bus bar and may leak to ground (a earth switch inside the yard provided
for each bay ,is kept closed during maintenance)
Pictorial Diagram

L.T
Power Line
(50Hz)
C.C
RF carrier
(40-500kHz)

PAX

RTU

PLCC TERMINAL
RTU Remote Terminal Unit extra

In an effort to aggregate these multiple signal types, Remote Terminal Units, or RTUs,
were deployed.
RTUs have the ability to communicate with different generations of equipment and
data protocols, and many use a relatively modern T1 interface to provide a standard
way of communicating status and control to central sites.
Each 1.544 Mbps T1 carries the equivalent of 24 separate phone conversations-more
than enough capacity to support most existing substation communication needs.
Line trap function = PLC signal
blocking

Power
energy
Line Trap: It offers high
PLC
impedance for PLC signal and
Signal
Low impedance for Power
energy Substatio
n
Line Traps Mounting Options

Vertical Pedestal Horizontal Pedestal Suspension

LMU function

Matching + Protection

LMU = impedance matching Transformer + high voltage

Protection
To prevent dangerous potential on the PLCC connection
To match PLCC set & transmission Line
 PLCC Panel ( type: ABB ETL 41/42)

Cabinet Module
PLCC Panel Tx Block

Carrier
Signal

Line
Input Modulat Coupling
Filter Amplifier Matchin
signal or Device
g Unit
PLCC Panel Rx Block

Demodulato Audio Power

Amplifier
r Amplifier Amplifier
Maintenance & fault traction

Fault analysis:
In fault analysis the faulty devices are checked in this serial or manner:

1. Telephone or tele operation signal

2. Cabling low frequency circuit or DC power supply
3. PLC equipment
4. HF transmission path
Procedure

The control circuit boards should be inserted far firmly.

The charger should be switch off once in every month.

The battery terminal should be connected first and AC input after that.

All mounting bolts should be checked before energizing.

EFFECT OF BAD WEATHER
ON PLCC COMMUNICATION

Losses increase for all severe weather conditions.

The contaminants (on the insulators) have a larger effect when it is raining than when
the line is dry.
The worst condition is a light rain with the presence of contaminants on the insulators.
The worst offender is when heavy frost is formed on the line Because of the skin effect,
the carrier signal tries to propagate on the ice instead of the conductor
The attenuation can change as much as 4:1 depending on the frequency.
Applications

PLCC Unit Provide Five type of operation:

1:TELEPHONE FACILITES
2:COMPRESSOR & EXPANDER
3:EMERGENCY CALL
4:SIGNAL BOOSTING
5:SUPERVISION & ALARMS
Key learning

PLCC is mainly used for telecommunication, tele-protection and tele-monitoring,

between electrical substation through power lines.
In a PLCC system the communication is established through the power line.
The carrier frequency range is allocated to include the audio signal, protection and the
pilot frequency.
Conclusion

Power line carrier communication has been found to be the most economical and
reliable method for communication in a medium and over long distance in a power
system.
Thank you