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Muslim Rule in India 712-1857
Muslim Rule in India 712-1857
Umayyad General
Iraq Governor, Hijaj bin Yousaf
Married his Daughter Zubaida
Foundation of Islamic Rule in Subcontinent
Causes of Sindh Invasion
Attacked by Raja Dahirs forces on Muslims ship
The Arab were imprisoned later on by the Debal
Governor, Partaab Raye
Refusal of Raja Dahir
Hijaj sent Muhammad Bin Qasim for this
expedition in 711 A.D
Campaign
Third Expedition
Makran Arman Belah(lasbela)
Debal (Karachi) Sadusan (Sehwan),
Nerun (Hyd), Brahamnabad (Shehdad Pur)
Ar-rur (Rohri,Nawabshah) met by Dahir's
forces
Captured (Multan)
Reason for Success
Superior military equipment
Troop discipline and leadership.[4]
The concept of Jihad as a morale booster.[4]
Religion; the widespread belief in the prophecy of Muslim
success.[4][12]
The Samanis the majority of the population was
Buddhist who were dissatisfied with their rulers, who were
Hindu.[12]
Death
Revolt in Umayyad
Death of Hijaj bin Yousaf
M.B Qasim Return
Murdered on way
Sultan Mehmood Ghaznavi (November
2, 971 - April 30, 1030)
Son of Sabuktagin
Ruled from 997 to 1030
Dynasty (Afghanistan, Eastern Iran,
Pakistan, North Eest India)
17 expeditions on India
Campaign
Started from (Khorsan, Balkh, Herat, Merv)
Afghanistan, from Samanids in 999
Seistan (Iran) 1000
Ghandhara (Peshawar) defeats Jaypal 1001
Multan, Ismail shah & Anandapala
Expeditions in India against Rajput
(Ujjain, Gwalior, Kalinjar, Kannauj,iAjmer,
Kangra. HP) 1008
Takes Lahore on his return
Nehrwala, Kathiawar, Somnath This raid
was his last major campaign.
Somnath 1025: killing over 50,000 people
who tried to defend it
Sultan Mahmud died on April 30, 1030 at
Ghazni
Sultan Muhammad Shahabu-ddin
Ghori (1150 15 March 1206)
Mu'izzuddn Muh a mmad Bin Sm
Born in Ghor, Afghanistan
Brother Ghayassu-ddin
Ghorids Dynasty (Afghanistan, Pakistan,
North East India)
Campaign
Multan & Uch 1175
Attacked Gujrat 1178, defeated by Rajput
Bhimdev Solanki II
Capture Lahore 1181
Conquered Sialkot 1181
Attacked Terrain (Delhi) against Prithvi Raj
Chohan (Rajput) 1191, Loss
Attacked Terrain 1192 again, become Victorious
Moved to Ajmer + North Rajasthan
Attacked Ayodhya temple, capture Delhi 1193
Made Qutbuddin Aibak his Deputy of
Sultanate
Conquered Bengal 1204
Murdered by Hindu warrior near Jhelum 1206
The Great Mughal Empire
1526-1707
The Mughals were descendants of
two great rulers. From their
mothers side they were
descendants of Genghis Khan, ruler
of the Mongol tribes, China &
Central Asia. From their fathers side
they were the successors of Timur,
the ruler of Iran, Iraq & Modern-day
Turkey.
Mughal Empire
Under the Mughals, India was the heart of a great Islamic empire and
a prolific center of Islamic culture and learning.
Dynasty was the greatest, richest and longest lasting Muslim dynasty
to rule India.
Mongol Descendents
The Great Mughal Emperors were:
Babur (1526-1530) The First of the Mughals
Humayun (1530-1556) The Luckless Leader
Akbar (1556-1605) The Great
Jehangir (1605-1627) The Paragon of Stability
Shah Jehan (1627-1658) The Master Builder
Aurangzeb (1658-1707) The Intolerant
Babur 1526 - 1530
The First of the Mughals
Humayun died in 1556 after falling down the steps of his library.
Akbar 1556 - 1605
The Great