PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT

WITH RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

UNDER THE GUIDANCE

OF Batch No.-
K.Anudeep(313126508002)
B . Ramana Raja,
G.Vignan(313126508019)
Mtech(S.E)
S.Trinadh(313126508047)
Assistant Professor P.keerthi(313126508064)
Civil Department K.Shiva Kumar(3131265080
 CONTENT

OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS USED
TEST RESULTS
COMPARISION OF RESULTS
CONCLUSION
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGPROGRAM
OUTCOMES
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM SPECIFIC
OUTCOMES
WEEKLY PLAN
REFERENCES
 OBJECTIVES

1. Suitability of rice hush ash as a pozzolanic

material for cement replacement in concrete.
2. To suggest a mix design of concrete using rice
husk as replacement to cement.
3. Compressive strength test on specimen on
different ages.
4. To compare the compressive strength of
concrete using partial replacement with RHA.
 INTRODUCTION

Rice husk ash is an agricultural waste which is

produced in millions of tons. Rice husk ash (RHA)
is obtained by the combustion of rice husk and
has been found to be super pozzolanic.

Thus, due to growing environmental concern and

the need to conserve energy and resources,
utilization of industrial wastes as supplementary
cementing materials has become an integral part
of concrete construction.
 RHA is very rich in silicon dioxide which makes
it very reactive with lime due to its non-
crystalline silica content and its specific surface.
It has about 85-90% silica.

This study investigated the engineering

properties of RHA as a material for concrete
production. The results shows that RHA is a
super pozzolan and very suitable as a partial
replacement of OPC
RICE HUSK ASH (R.H.A)
 RICE HUSK ASH (R.H.A)

Rice Husk Ash is a Pozzolanic material. It is

having different physical & chemical properties.
The product obtained from R.H.A. is identified by
trade name Silpoz which is much finer than
cement.

Properties of Rice Husk Ash

Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RICE RUSK
ASH
CHEMICAL PROPERTY OF RHA
HYDRATION- INTRODUCTION
Bogues Compounds

Name of the Formula Abbreviated Percentage

Compound Formula
Tri-calcium 3CaO.SiO2 C3S 25-50
Silicate
Di-calcium 2CaO.SiO2 C2S 20-45
Silicate
Tri-Calcium 3CaO.Al2O3 C3 A 5-12
Aluminate
Tetra Calcium 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2 C4AF 6-12
Aluminoferrite O3
 HYDRATION PROCESS-OPC

Calcium Silicate
Hydrates

2(3CaO.SiO2)+6H2O 3 CaO.2SiO.3H2O + 3Ca(OH)2

OR

2C3S+6H C3S2H3 + 3Ca(OH)2

 HYDRATION PROCESS-
OPC with RHA

Calcium Silicate
Hydrates

2(3CaO.SiO2)+6H2O 3 CaO.2SiO.3H2O + 3Ca(OH)2

Ca(OH)2 + SiO2 Calcium silicate hydrate

 LITERATURE REVIEW

Rawid khan et al, Abdul jabbar et al(2011)

The compressive strength of mortar with 25%
cement replacement is greater than all the
mortars with 30% and 40% cement replaced with
RHA.
Concluded that with certain % of replacement
reduces that much of % of environmental
problems associated with the OPC production.
 D.D.Bui, J.Hu, P.Stroeven(2004)
Concluded that maximum % of replacement of
RHA in concrete is upto 20%.
With the replacement of RHA, the compressive
strength, most pronounced is the increase in the
first 7 days.
Concluded that small RHA particles improve the
particle packing density of the blended cement,
leading to a reduced volume of larger pores and a
more homogeneous micro structure of the
cement paste, particularly in the facial zone.
 Gemma Rodriguez de sensa;le(2005)
Conducted compressive strength tests up to 91
days on rice husk ash replacement in concrete at
two different % of 10% and 20%.
Revealed that positive effect on the compressive
strength at later ages, but the long term behavior
of the concretes with RHA produced by controlled
incineration was more significant.
 Rahmat madandoust, Malek mohammad
ranjar et al(2011)
Concluded that the results by their tests indicate
that the partial replacement of cement by RHA
improved durability and homogeneity but did not
increase the early age compressive strength of
concrete.
 AL KHALAF AND A. YOUSIF(1984)
Actual range of temperature required to burn rice
husk to get the desired pozzolanic product.
Percentage of replacement(30%).

RAMEZANIANPOUR ET AL(2009, 2010)

Burning rice husk at temperature below
700degree c produces rice husk ashes with high
pozzolanic.
 ABDULLAHI ET AL(2006)
Conducted physical tests of the freshly prepared
mix.
The results of the test indicated compressive
strength of the OPC/RHA blocks increase with age
at curing and decreases as the percentage of RHA
content increases.
 M.NEHDI, J.DUQUETT,A.EI DAMATTY(2003)
Investigated new technique for controlled
combustion of rice husk to mitigate environmental
concerns associated with its uncontrolled burning.

K.GANESAM K.RAJAGOPAL
K.THANGAVEL(2007)
If rice husk burnt under temperature of less than
500degree c, unburnt carbon remains in ash.
If carbon less than 30%, leads to adverse effect
upon the pozzolanic activity of RHA.
 METHODOLOGY

For finding out of the response of concrete, the cubes are to be

casted with 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% replacement of cement by
RHA and their corresponding compressive strength is
determined at 7, 14 and 28 days curing.
We have adopted a fineness of 90 microns (passing) for Rice
husk ash.
 WORK PLAN

Literature Review

Primary tests

Mix proportion
 Partial replacement of cement with
RHA(0%.5%,10%,20%)

Casting of cubes

Compressive strength at 7th,14thand 28thdays

 Results

Conclusion
 MATERIALS USED

MATERIALS
o Rice Husk Ash (RHA). - Rice Husk Ash was burnt for
approximately 72hours in air in an uncontrolled burning process.
The temperature was in the range of 400-600 degree C .The ash
collected was sieved through BS standard sieve size 90m and its
colour was grey.

o Cement - Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) of Ramco super grade

was used in which the composition and properties is in
compliance with the Indian standard organization.

o Water - Water plays an important role in concrete production

(mix) in that it starts the reaction between the cement, pozzolan
and the aggregates. It helps in the hydration of the mix.
oAggregates - The aggregates which pass
through 75mm sieve and retain on 4.75mm sieve
are called as coarse aggregate. The aggregates
passing through 4.75 mm sieve and retain on 75
micron sieve are called as fine aggregate.
 ADVANTAGES

RHA mixed concrete shows better bond strength

as compared to OPC concrete.
Permeability of concrete mix decreases due to
addition of RHA.
RHA makes a role to increased resistance to
chemicals .
 DISADVANTAGES

Suitable incinerator/furnace as well as grinding

method is required for burning and grinding rice
husk in order to obtain good quality ash.
Strength of concrete is reduced for larger
(beyond 20%) replacement.
Un burnt RHA is not suitable for concrete
production
 LABORATORY TEST

Preliminary Test

The aggregates were tested for physical property such as:

1. Sieve Analysis.
a. Sieve Analysis of fine aggregate
SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AGGREGATE

SIEVE SIZE WEIGHT CUMULATI CUMULATI CUMULATI

RETAINED VE WEIGHT VE % VE %
RETAINED WEIGHT FINES
RETAINED

4.75 0 0 0 100

2.36 110 110 11 89

1.18 200 310 31 69

600 240 550 55 45

300 250 800 80 20

150 190 990 99 1

75 10 1000 100 0
 PRIMARY TEST

The fresh concrete was subjected to the

following tests-
o Slump test
o Compressive strength test.
 Mixing of concrete is done and is placed in moulds of
size 150mm*150mm without any voids .
After 24 hour we open the mould and take away the
cubes.
Then we put the cubes in the water tank for the curring.
The cubes are taken out from the tank and do the
compression test.
Compressive Strength of RHA Concrete
The compressive strength of RHA concrete
was investigated at 7 ,14 ,28 days curing
age.
 RESULTS OF THE TESTS ON THE
CONSTITUENTS OF CONCRETE

CEMENT
Fineness of Cement (IS:4031(Part 1)-1996)
The fineness of cement is 7.5%
Specific Gravity (IS: 2720 (Part 2)-1980)
The specific gravity of cement is 3.11
Consistency of Cement (IS: 4031(Part 5) 1988)
Normal consistency of cement is 32%
Fine aggregate (as per IS: 383)

Specific gravity (IS: 2720 (Part 2)-1980)

The specific gravity of fine aggregate is 2.63

Sieve Analysis (IS: 2720 (Part 4) 1985)

Fine aggregate belongs to zone II.
Coarse aggregate

Specific Gravity (IS: 2720 (Part 2)-1980)

The specific gravity of coarse aggregate is 2.80.
RICE HUSK ASH

Specific Gravity(IS: 2720 (Part 2)-1980)

The specific gravity of RHA is 3.2
MIX DESIGN FOR M35 GRADE CONCRETE

Replacement of cement by 0,5,10 and 20% of RHA

Grade of concrete M35
Type of cement OPC 53 grade
Type of material admixture -Rice Husk Ash (RHA)
Maximum nominal size of aggregate 20mm
Minimum cement content 320kg/m3
Maximum water cement ratio 0.45
Workability 75mm (slump)
Exposure condition Severe
Degree of supervision Good
Types of aggregate Crushed angular aggregate
Maximum cement 450 kg/m3
Specific gravity of Cement - 3.11
Specific gravity of RHA 3.2
1.Target strength for mix proportion
Fck= fck + 1.65 S
fck = compressive strength @ 28 day =35N/mm2
S= 5 (Table no.1 IS 10262:2009)
Fck = 35 + (1.65 5)
= 43.25 N/mm2
2.Selection of w/c Ratio
Max W/C RATIO = 0.45 [from IS456]
Adopted = 0.45
3.Selection Of Water Cement
Max water content for 20mm aggregate = 186 litre (for 20 to 50mm slump range)
Water content for 75mm slump = 186 + (3/100 186)
= 191.6 ~192L
4.Calculation Of Cement Content:
Water cement ratio = 0.45
Cement content = 192/0.45 = 426.66kg/m 3
From table No.5 of IS456 minimum cement content for
severe exposure conditions= 320kg/m 3
426.66kg/m3 > 320kg/m3 Hence ok
5. Volume of coarse and fine aggregate for zone II
Proportion of volume of coarse aggregate for the water
cement ratio of 0.45(e)=0.62
For a w/c ratio of 0.45 we increase the C.A content by
0.01
Volume of F.A = 1-0.63 =0.37 [IS 10262:2009]
MIX DESIGN FOR 0% RHA CONTENT
Material cement content = 426.66 kg/m3
(a) VOLUME OF CONCRETE = 1 m3
(b) VOLUME OF CEMENT = MASS OF CEMENT/SP. OF CEMENT 1/1000
= (426.66/3.11) ( 1/1000)
= 0.137m3
C) VOLUME OF WATER = 192 (1/1000) = 0.192m3
(e) VOLUME OF TOTAL AGGREGATE = [a- (b+c)]
= [1-(0.137+0.192)]
= 0.0671 m3
Mass of C.A = e volume of T.A sp. of CA 1000
= 0.0671 0.63 2.8 1000
= 1164.856 ~ 1165 kg/m3
MASS OF F.A = (1-e) volume of T.A sp. of F.A 1000
= 670.59kg/m3
Mix proportion for 1 m3
Cement = 426.66kg
WATER = 192 kg
F.A = 670.59 kg
C.A = 1164.85 kg
W/C Ratio = 0.45
RATIO = 1:1.57:2.73
MIX DESIGN FOR 5% REPLACEMENT OF RHA
Material cement content= 426.66-(426.66 5/100)
= 405.33kg/m3
Saving of cement while using RHA
= 426.66-405.33
= 21.33 Kg/ m3
RHA being utilized = 21.33 kg/m3
(a) VOLUME OF CONCRETE = 1 m3
(b) VOLUME OF CEMENT = MASS OF CEMENT/S.G OF CEMENT 1/1000
= (405.33/3.11) (1/1000)
= 0.130 m3
(c) VOLUME OF RHA = Mass of RHA/sp. of RHA 1/1000
= (21.33/3.2) (1/1000)
= 0.0066 m3
d) VOLUME OF WATER = 192 1/1000 = 0.192m3
(e) VOLUME OF ALL IN AGGREGATE = [a- (b+c+d)]
= [1-(0.13+0.0066+0.192)]
= 0.0671 m3
Mass of C.A = e volume of C.A sp. of CA 1000
= 0.0671 0.63 2.8 1000
= 1164.856 ~ 1165 kg/m3
MASS OF F.A = e volume of F.A sp. of F.A 1000
= 670.59kg/m3
Mix proportion for 1 m3
Cement = 405.33kg
RHA = 21.33 kg
WATER = 192 kg
F.A = 670.59 kg
C.A = 1164.85 kg
W/C Ratio = 0.45
RATIO = 1:1.57:2.73
 MIX PROPORTION PER UNIT VOLUME OF
CONCRETE(KG/M3)
Constituents 0% RHA 5% RHA 10% RHA 20% RHA

W/C ratio 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45

RHA 0 0.0066 0.0133 0.0266
CEMENT 426.67 405.33 384.00 341.33
CONTENT

FINE 670.59 670.59 670.59 670.59

AGGREGATE

COARSE 1164.856 1164.856 1164.856 1164.856

AGGREGATE

WATER 192 192 192 192

CONTENT
 RESULTS OF CONVENTIONAL
CONCRETE

Compressive Strength of conventional cube at

7days = 20.6N/mm2
Compressive Strength of conventional cube at
14days=35.25N/mm2
Compressive Strength of conventional cube at
28days=43.259N/mm2
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
AT 0% REPLACEMENT OF RHA
S.NO CURING LOADS AVERAGE COMPRESS
DAYS LOAD IVE
STRENGTH
(N/MM2)
1. 7 480
470 463.33 20.6
440

2. 14 800
770 793.33 35.25
810

3. 28 1000
970 973.33 43.259
950
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
AT 5% REPLACEMENT OF RHA
S.NO CURING LOADS AVERAGE COMPRESS
DAYS LOAD IVE
STRENGTH
(N/MM2)
1. 7 650
620 643.33 28.58
660

2. 14 810
740 783.33 34.81
800

3. 28 940
1070 1050 46.66
1140
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
AT 10% REPLACEMENT OF RHA
S.NO CURING LOADS AVERAGE COMPRESS
DAYS LOAD IVE
STRENGTH
(N/MM2)
1. 7 440
420 440 19.55
460

2. 14 710
690 713.33 32.88
740

3. 28 850
850 853.33 37.92
860
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
AT 20% REPLACEMENT OF RHA
S.NO CURING LOADS AVERAGE COMPRESS
DAYS LOAD IVE
STRENGTH
(N/MM2)
1. 7 390
400 396.66 17.62
400

2. 14 700
620 650 29.33
650

3. 28 790
800 796.66 35.40
800
COMPARISION OF RESULTS FOR 7 DAYS

0%
5%
10%
20%
 COMPARISION OF RESULTS FOR 14
DAYS
40

35

30

25 0%
20 5%
10%
15
20%
10

0
14 DAYS
 COMPARISION OF RESULTS FOR 28
DAYS
50
45
40
35
30 0%
25 5%
20 10%
20%
15
10
5
0
28 DAYS
50
45
40
35
30 0%
25 5%
20 10%
20%
15
10
5
0
7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS
 CONCLUSION

Based on the limited study carried out on the strength

behaviour of Rice Husk ash, the following conclusions
are drawn
i. By replacing the cement with 0%,5%,10%,20% of
RHA in concrete,the compressive strength of
concrete for replacement of cement with 5% RHA is
more than conventional concrete i.e(0% RHA).
ii. By replacing the cement with 10% and beyond there
is gradual decrease in compressive strength of
concrete.
iii. As the Rice Husk Ash is waste material, it reduces
the cost of construction.
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES

1) Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.

2) Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyse complex

engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

3) Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and

design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.

4) Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and

research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5) Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources,
and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to
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6) The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual

knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
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MAPPING PROGRAMME OUTCOMES TO PROJECT OBJECTIVES

PROGRAM P P P P P P P P P P P P
OUTCOMES/OBJ O O O O O O O O O O O O
ECTIVES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1
2
1 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 - - - 3 2
2 3 2 3 3 - - - - 3 - 2 -
3 3 3 - 3 3 - - - 3 - 1 -
4 1 2 - - - - - - - - 1 -

3-EXCELLENT, 2-MODERATE, 1-FAIR

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES(PSO)

1) Civil Engineering Knowledge: Analyze and design solutions to complex

problems by applying fundamentals of sciences and civil engineering in
one or more of its major areas such as structural, geo-technical, water
resources, transportation and environmental engineering.

2) Conduct investigations of complex civil engineering problems: Use

modern techniques and tools to design and conduct experiments, prepare
and interpret plans and reports with valid conclusions and
recommendations.

3) Civil engineer and society: Develop civil engineering solutions based on

societal, health, safety, legal, cultural and environmental considerations
for sustainable development.
 MAPPING PROGRAM SPECIFIC
OUTCOMES AND PROJECT OBJECTIVES
PROGRAM SPECIFIC PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3
OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVE
S
1 3 3 3

2 3 3 -

3 3 2 3

4 1 1 -

3-EXCELLENT,2-MODERATE,1-FAIR
WEEKLY PLAN
 REFERENCES

Josephin Alex, J. Dhanalakshmi, B. Ambedkar et al(2016),

Experimental investigation on rice husk ash as cement replacement
on concrete production . Elsevier Publishers.
Rawid khan et al and abdur jabbar et all, Study on properties of rice
husk ash and its use as cement replacement material.
Gemma Rodrguez de Sensale , Strength development of concrete
with rice-husk ash.
Al-Khalaf & Yousiff, (1984), Use of RHA-Concrete The international
Journal of Cement Composites and Light Weight Concrete.
Concrete Technology, Theory And Practice, M L Gambhir .
M.NEHDI, J.DUQUETT,A.EI DAMATTY(2003),techniques on controlled
combustion of rice husk.
K.GANESAM K.RAJAGOPAL K.THANGAVEL(2007),studied different
temperatures to get good pozzolanic behaviour in RHA.
THANK YOU