TRANSMISSION LINE

RESONATORS
RESONANCE
When the power supply frequency for an AC
circuit exactly matches that circuits natural
oscillation frequency as set by the L and C
components, a condition of resonance will
have been reached
Since L & C combination can be formed using
transmission lines they can also act as a
resonator which can be used in high
frequency circuits as the lumped inductor
and capacitor doesnt behave as pure
inductor or capacitor
 SERIES RESONANT CIRCUIT

Figure
A series RLC resonator and its response. (a) The series RLC circuit.
(b) The input impedance magnitude versus frequency.
Series Resonance
Input impedance
Resonant frequency
Quality factor
Bandwidth
Z
jP
h
iT
n =
eiinn= R+
c12omw
p
lV L
eI2*(=
x
lR
i+ j
o
I2jZ1
w
C
e
r=
R
+
j
w
L
d
v
e
r
Z
2
jL
iw
-C
n)
*
i
nj
-
C
d
t
o
h
e
1
I
=
Z
2
2r
s
o
n
V
i
n
i
n
a
t
r
2
INPUT IMPEDANCE AND INPUT
POWER

i
s
V
1
2
Z
2
i
n
T
Ph
w
sW
lT
oe
p
o
1
=
2
hw
2C I
ere=
1
a
v Lr
g
rVd
i
R
e
m
sm
2 s =
tmis22p
a
t
n
1
2
orh
de
d
b
i
c
L
ev
ry
n
I
iCt
2
sg
h
e
g
y
tlIta
Xr
s
i
1
=
L
4
h
c
2
co
t
o
r
,
R
e
d
n
I
a
p
C
wi
s
h
i
t
oe
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
L
r
C
i
s
I
1
=
4
wi
s
m rm s 2 2
seac
2
ENERGY STORED IN AN
INDUCTOR AND CAPACITOR

rm r2
m
s2
W
.iP
iW
ie K
=
n.ZT
1
IK 1
P
=
2
(in2T
jlosP R
+
n
2
INPUT IMPEDANCE

I
w
-Iin2=
)12P W
Z 2(
L R
+
Is+
m
ilon
j
Cw
2jw
2 Lj
-
C
1
=
I
2
(2W
e )
R1
+
j
w
(
I
2
-e)
m22I
L
-
)
w
C
2
R
eiA
sIrZ
o.tprW
ninesqmtoau=nm
caIlPe2loecos2ed2un=rsR
w
hbw
echonim
tsaavpeurreglystaoriem
dpm
aedgannceticadelctriengis
14L 2I= 11
i4w .0Cw 0= L C
RESONANCE
Q
A=a
v
e
r
a
n
W
+
=
P
=
tQ g
e
n
r
g
y
y
l
o
s
/
e
W
02
P
r
e
s
o
a
W
m
l
o
s
m c
e
,
los04
1
2
es
t
o
r
e
d
c
n
L
I
R
2

L

R
QUALITY FACTOR

20
Q
w
h
=
i
cR
2
0 W
P
l0L
h=1
ow
ss
o 2
th
e
0 1
4
aQ
0 I
R
in
2 1

creasR
2
0 0d =
C
R

C
ecrase
QUALITY FACTOR CONT..
TRANSMISSION LINE
RESONATORS
LUMPED ELEMENTS ARE UNATTAINABLE
AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES
TRANSMISSION LINES WITH VARIOUS
LENGTHS AND TERMINATIONS(SHORT OR
OPEN) CAN BE USED AS RESONATORS
Q IS ESSENTIAL WE USE LOSSY
TRANSMISSION LINES
 2and2()
SHORT CIRCUITED /2 LINE

Figure
A short-circuited length of lossy transmission line, and the voltage distributions
for n = 1 resonators.
 ZZ
=
o
iF
r
S
.Z
n 1+
Z
C
,in=
t
L
0+
a
Zt
a
n
h
=
0
n
h
=
Z
0
jta
0
0L
00
0 n
h
L
0t
a
n
h
INPUT IMPEDANCE FOR A
LOSSY LINE
O
Zb
s
jiL
n
iI
iT
.w
e
f=e
=

p
a
tlh

nr
v
t
h
Z
c
e
o
r
2
=
0
ev
0n
T
a
m
ff
o
E
M
=
isthr
n
l
o
s

s
t
a

l
i
n
e
v
ep
am
i
1
t

=
l
v
soaon
l
i
h

+


v
citye
s
a
,
w
l
fhr
h l
o
w
e
2

etra
n
s


i
f
l
sml
m
a
io
nl

lie
PROPAGATION CONSTANT AND
LENGTH OF TX. LINE

p p0
p p
 S
i (n
c
e
s

l
=
2
a
t
h
i
l

l(
=
v+
v
ta
v
f
s
l
e
n

=
pv
=
2
g
t
h
f
i
v

p=
s
r
e+
po
n
a


vt
f
r
e
q
u
n
c

=

+
f
y
)


n 0ism
00


0p

0
a




l
t
a
l)
p
0n

+
PROPAGATION CONSTANT AND

ppp p 0
LENGTH OF TX. LINE CONT..

00
W
.
ZK
T
t
a
=
Z
1
+



i
s
m
a
iin
n
0n
h
j



l

l
n
d


1
;
l




1
Z
Z
00
INPUT IMPEDANCE

in00
000
 W
Z
R
C

.C
K
T
R
j
2
o
m
p
a
r
i
n
g
Z


iL
=
2
1

L
n
0
0

L
w
i
t
h
a
b
ov
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
R,L & C

2
0
 /2 short circuited line and /4 open circuited
line represent series resonator
/4 short circuited line and /2 open circuited
line represent parallel resonator
Summary
The transmission line of length /2 resonates
at w = 0 ie. R = Z0l
Open circuit /4 acts as a series resonant circuit
Similarly
Short Circuit /4 and
Open Circuit /2

can act as a parallel resonant circuit for distributed

elements