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Digestive Ss
Digestive Ss
Digestive Ss
Sc
Digestive system consist of:
Digestive tract
Its associated glands
The function :
obtain from ingested food the molecules
necessary for maintenance, growth, and
energy needs of the body
GENERAL FEATURES
A. Components
Oral cavity Small intestine
Oral pharynx Large intestine
Esophagus Rectum
Stomach Anal canal
B. General Sructural
Features
4 Concentric layers:
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis eksterna
Serosa / adventitia
Structure of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Schematic structure of a portion of the digestive
tract with various components and their functions.
C. General Functional
Features
Digestion Innervation
Absorption Blood supply
Excretion Protection
Endocrine
ORAL CAVITY
A. Wall Structure
Mucosa:
Lining epithelium: Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
epthelium
Lamina propria: Vascular connective tissue, has no
muscular
Submucosa: fibrous connective tissue, small
salivary glands
Skeletal muscle
Bone
B. Lips
Transition: Nonkeratinized mucous
membrane keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium of the skin
Lip
Lip (Longitudinal
(Longitudinal Section)
Section)
6. Border of the
1. Epithelium of the lip, transiton
labial mucosa 7. zone
Neurovascular
bundle
2. Lamina propria 8. Orbicularis
of labial oris muscle
mucosa 9. Epidermis
7. Fungiform papillae
18. Mucosa :
epithelium and
17. Nerve lamina propria
16. Arterioles
12. Interlobular 15. Venule
8. Nerves 10. Venule ducts 14. Excretory duct
9. Arteriole 13. Mucous alveoli
11. Serous alveoli
Tongue
Tongue
2. Diffuse lymphatic
tissue
7. Excretory duct
3. Adipose cells
8. Arteriole and
venule
A. Tooth shape
Incisors
Canines (cuspids)
Premolars (bicuspids)
Molar (tricuspids)
B. Permanent and
Deciduous
Human adults: HaveTeeth
32 permanent teeth
(8 teeth each quadrant)
Dental formula: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2
premolars, 3 molars
Deciduous (baby) teeth: 20 teeth (no molars)
C. Tooth Structure
Crown (corona) Enamel
Root (radix) Mineral salts: 95%
Neck (cervix)
Amelogenins & enamelins
Enamel rods:interrod
Pulp Cavity
enamel
Dentin Ameloblasts: Tomes
Hydroxyapatite process
Odontoblasts: Tomes Matrix
fibers Cementum
Predentin
Matrix
Enamel
Crown
Dentin
Cuticle
Neck
Pulp
Alveolar bone
Odontoblasts Periodontal ligament
Root Gingiva
Root canal
Cementum
Apical foramen
Diagram
Diagram of of aa sagittal
sagittal section
section from
from an
an incisor
incisor
tooth
tooth in
in position
position in
in the
the mandibular
mandibular bone
bone
D. Associated Structures
Periodontal ligament
Alveolar bone
Gingiva (gums)
PHARYNX
Superior: Respiratory pharynx
Inferior: Oral pharynx (oropharynx)
Lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous
epithelium
Contain the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils
Many small subepithelial mucous glands
Skeletal muscle: as circular pharyngeal
constrictors and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
ESOPHAGUS
Long, narrow, muscular tubes
Mucosa: Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
epithelium
Lamina propria: interdigitate with basal of
epithelium and muscularis mucosae.
Submucosa: Esophageal glands
Muscularis externa: skeletal and smooth muscle
Outer surface: adventitia and serosa
Oesophagus
Upper
Upper Esophagus
Esophagus (Transverse
(Transverse Section)
Section)
1. Stratified squamous
epithelium
2. Lamina propria 9. Lymphatic nodule
3. Muscularis mucosae
(smooth muscle) 10. Duct passing through
muscularis mucosae
11. Mucos alveoli
4. Submucosa (esophageal glands)
12. Ducts
13. Arteriole and venule
5. Circular muscle 14. Adipose cells
layer (skeletal)
6. Connective tissue
between muscle layers
15. Venule
7. Longitudinal muscle
layer (skeletal)
Parietal cells
Neck
Neck
Gland
Gland
Lamina propria Base
Lymph
nodule Muscularis
mucosae
Pylorus Submucosa Body
Cardia
Cardia (Longitudinal
(Longitudinal Section)
Section)
3. Lamina propria
8. Foveola
4. Foveolae (gastric
pits) 9. Gastric gland
opening into foveola
5. Gastric glands, 10. Gastric gland
neck region (neck)
6. Mucous neck
cells
11. Lamina propria
7. Parietal cells
A. General Structure
Have the same layers as do the rest of the
tract, except duodenum: Distinctive
submucosal (Brunners) glands
Plicae circulares (valves of Kerckring)
B. Mucosa of the Small
Intestine
Villi Goblet cells
Intestinal glands (crypts of M cells
Lieberkuhn) Paneths cells
Enterocytes (absorptive Enteroendocrine cells
cells) Undifferentiated cells
Digestion
Absorption
Lipid processing and
chylomicron assembly
Transport of smaller
nutrients
A
8. Duodenal glands
18. Muscularis
external : inner
9. Displaced fibers of circular and outer
the muscularis longitudinal layers
mucosae
10. Arteriole 19. Serosa (visceral
11. Venule peritoneum)
12. Parasympathetic
ganglion of the
myenteric plexus
Small
Small Intestine
Intestine :: Jejunum
Jejunum -- Ileum
Ileum
11. Surface epithelium : striated
ordered and goblet cells
12. Villus (t.s)
C. Muscularis Externa
3 thick longitudinal bands: Teniae coli