KY THUAT NANG - VAN

CHUYEN
CHNG IV
CAC THIET B PHANH HAM
(ARRESTING GEAR AND
BRAKES)

Chapter IV 1
 1. MUC CH:

-They stop the load and hold it when applied to the

hoisting motion or bring the relevant mechanisms at
rest within specified braking distances as this is the
case on traveling and slewing motion

Chapter IV 2
2. PHAN LOAI:
Da vao cau tao bo phan lam viec
(contruction):
Phanh ma.
Phanh ai.
Hp thanh phanh ap truc
Phanh
Phanh
a.}
non.
(co mat ma sat tach ri
hay khong tach ri).

Da vao nguyen tac hoat ong (operating

principle) :
Phanh t ong (automatic)
Phanh ieu khien.( controlled)

Chapter IV 3
 2. PHAN LOAI (tt):
Da vao chc nang (the purpose the brake serves):
Phanh dng c cau cuoi chuyen ong.( stopping brakes)
Phanh gii han van toc, nhng khong gi vat.( regulating
brakes)

Theo tnh chat cua s tac ong lc ieu khien

phanh
(the mode of applying the brakes-operating force):
Phanh thng ong.( normally -set brakes)
Phanh thng m.( normally-released brakes)
Phanh tng hp. (combination brakes)

Chapter IV 4
 3. C CAU KHOA
DNG (Arresting
gear)
Purpose
- Arresting gears are the means of sustaining
the load which do not interfere with the
hoisting but prevent it from coming down
due to gravity
- Arresting gear in general fall into two basic
kinds which are the ratchet- and- pawl
arrangement and Back- stopping roller
clutch
Chapter IV 5
 COC
(Ratchet- and- pawl
arrangement)

Nguyen ly lam viec:

Che tao:
Banh xe: vat lieu gang
18-36, thep (uc).
Con coc: thep 45, 40X.

Chapter IV 6
3.1 C CAU BANH XE COC
(Ratchet- and- pawl
arrangement)

Cau tao:
Tang cng
s lien ket
(at vai con
coc (a)
Goc 900 =>
=b/m ln khi
co va ap
manh.
Co con coc
giam on (b)
Chapter IV 7
3. C CAU BANH XE
COC(tt):
Tnh toan.
Xac nh modun: m
b .m

}
P
q [ q ] P [ q ].b
b 2M x
2M x 2M x m
P Z . .[ q ]
Db.c m.Z
hoacm 2M x
.D.[q ]
neu m > 6 => Kiem tra [q]
neu m < 6 => Kiem tra nuon

12M x=>
[ ] n
3
2,25. .Z .m

Chapter IV 8
3. C CAU BANH XE
COC(tt):
2M x 2M x
M u P.h .m
Z .m Z
a 2 .b ( 1,5 m ) 2 .m
Wu
6 6

2 ,25. .m 3
Wu
6
Mu
u [ u ]
Wu

Chapter IV 9
 4. PHANH MA (Block
brakes)
Block brakes used in
hoisting installation exit
in a great number of
types
-In most case they

consist of two blocks

arranged at diametrically
opposite points of a drum
and operated by levers
-Braking is effected due

to friction setup fitted to

lever of braking system
on the trolley or bridge Chapter IV 10
 4. PHANH MA(tt):
a. Phanh mot ma (single- block
brake)
Momen phanh:D 2.M f
M f f .N . N
2 f .D

l 1 b. f
P N.
l

Nhan xet: b = 0 => P = const.

Chapter IV 11
 4. PHANH MA(tt)-hai
ma-
ac iem cau tao can .
Do N1 N2 =>
S1 S2

P.l P.l S2 N2. 1 f 2

N1 N S1 N 1 . 1 f 2
l1 f =>
.b Lc2 uon truc
l1 f .b S
2.P.l. f 1 f 2
e truc phanh khong S S1 S 2 .b
uon: l1 f .b
2 2 2

S = 0 => b = 0.=> Phanh

co can thang.
Momen phanh:

D
M f f . ( N1 N 2 )
=> phanh can thang 2
=> l
M f f .P.D. .
l1
Chapter IV 12
4. PHANH MA(tt)
b. Phanh 2 ma- dung oi
trong Lc ong phanh:
b
M 01 0 K1 N . a
Lc ong c
phanh: A
M 0 K 2 K 1 .
e
e f
02
M 0 Q K 2
g
G .
g
b c G. f
Q N. .
a g g
F M
N x
2f f .D

Chapter IV 13
 4. PHANH MA(tt):
c.Phanh nam cham ien
t:
(Short-stroke electromagnet
brake)
1. Lo xo nen chnh.
2. Lo xo nen phu.
3. Nam cham ien t.
4. ai oc ieu chnh lo xo
nen chnh.
5. Oc ieu chnh khe h
ma phanh.

Chapter IV 14
4. PHANH MA(tt):
Nguyen ly lam viec:
Phanh thng ong

Khong co ien : lo xo 1 b nen , se co lc

ay ve hai pha: ay vo hop 7 ve trai keo
can phai ong ma phai; ay ai oc 4 (tc
truc lo xo ) ve phai keo can trai ong ma
trai => phanh ong.

Khi co dong ien vao nam cham ien t : se

hut can phai va ong thi ay truc lo xo
sang trai => m phanh ( ong thi vi ong c
lam viec cua c cau).

Chapter IV 15
4. PHANH MA(tt):
u iem:
.
Sa cha nhanh.

Nhc iem:
Tuoi tho thap.
Va ap khi nam cham lam viec.
=> Khac phuc co phanh thuy lc.

Chapter IV 16
4. PHANH MA(tt):

Chapter IV 17
4. PHANH MA(tt):

Chapter IV 18
 4. PHANH MA(tt):

Bi tp Phanh m
Tnh c cu phanh 2 m dng i trng
nhm phanh c moment phanh 500N.m.
Trng phanh l 200 mm.
Cc kch thc do ngi thit k xc nh

Chapter IV 19
 5. PHANH AI (BAND
BRAKES)
In band brakes, the braking torque is
obtained due to friction of a flexible
band over the surface of a brake
wheel.
Band brakes are designed using the
well-known Eulers formula for a
flexible filament which provides the
relationship between the maximum Sv
tension and the minimum tensions S r
in the band sides

Sv= Sr. ef Chapter IV 20

 5. PHANH AI (BAND BRAKES)

a. Phanh ai n gian.
( the simple band brake)
1. Banh phanh
2. ai bang thep
3. Can
4. Nam cham ien t
5. oi trong
The maximum tension on the tight side of
the band come on fixed point,
rendering the brake suitable for use
with the wheel always rotating in the
same direction
The single band is used on motion where
the braking torque varies with the
direction of rotation, as in the hoisting
mechanism
Nguyen ly lam viec:
Chapter IV 21
 5. PHANH AI (BAND BRAKES)

a. Phanh ai n gian
(tt)
( the simple band brake)
Nguyen tac : (Enler)
S 1 S 2 .e f f
P.e
S 1 f
S1 S 2 P e 1
P
2M f S 2 f
P e 1
D P.D
Nhan xet: e MMf f =>
2
S1 => ; Chapter
f IV 22
5. PHANH AI (tt):
Lc ong phanh:
S 2 .a G .b P .a G .b
K
c c c e f 1 c
0
M 0 P .a .e f
G .b
K
c e f 1 c
Nhan xet: K thay oi ef lan => C
cau nang.
Lu y vi K xac nh:
M thuan chieu kim ong ho > M ngc chieu kim ong
ho

Chapter IV 23
5. PHANH AI (tt):
b. Phanh ai vi
sai.
( Differential band brake)
Momen Kc Gb
phanh:

0 2
M S
a1 a2 e
f

S1 S 2 .e f
Euler
S1 S 2 P

e f 1 D
Mf f
Gb Kc
a1 a2 e 2

vi M f P D S 2 e f S 2 D
2 2

Chapter IV 24
5. PHANH AI (tt):
Nhan xet:
a1 Mf : t ong
=>e f
a2
u iem: cho phep K
Nhc iem:
T khoa -> va ap.
Mf thay oi khi thay oi chieu quay giam
nhieu f
a1 .e a 2
lan. a a .e f )
(
1 2
Tranh t ham: a1 > a2. ef [a1 =(2,5 3)a]

Chapter IV 25
 5. PHANH AI (tt):
c. Phanh ai tong hp.
( Reversible band brake)
Lc ong phanh.
G.b ( S1 .a1 S 2 .a 2 )
M 0 0 K c
Trng hp: a1 = a2 = a
b a P.e f P
K G ( f f )
c c e 1 e 1
Nhan xet:
a1 = a2 => Mf = const
=> C cau di chuyen, quay.
a1 < a2 => c cau nang.

Chapter IV 26
5. PHANH AI (tt):
Ket luan:
Kmin : vi sai.
Kmax: tong hp.
Vi sai co tnh chat t ham => c cau dung tay.
n gian, tong hp => c cau nang.
Tong hp (a1 = a2 ) : c cau di chuyen.
u nhc iem:
u: n gian, gon.
Nhc:
Uon truc (S1 + S2)
Phan bo ap lc khong eu -> mon.
Tuoi tho thap.

Chapter IV 27
5. PHANH AI (tt):
Phanh ai tac dung hai chieu.

ac iem:
au ai co Smax luon co nh.
Lc tac dung ong phanh luon au S min
iem ta tay on thay oi khi thay oi
chieu quay.
Lc ong phanh giam so vi phanh tong
hp.
Chapter IV 28
 5. PHANH AI (tt):
- Cho phanh ai n gin,
tnh lc K cn thit bit
tang c D=200mm, f=0.2,
2700. , a=100. b=500,
c=600. G=50N. Lc phanh
cn thit l P=500N.
- Nu l phanh ai vi sai,
bn hy tnh li a2 l bao
nhiu t hm.
Chapter IV 29
5. PHANH AI (tt):
Ket luan
u iem:
n gian, gon, Mf =
Thng s dung phanh ai n gian.
Nhc iem:
Gay uon truc.
Ap lc phan bo khong eu. (-> e f )
Mf khong on nh (f thay oi lam M f thay oi )
ai phanh t => nguy hiem => o tin cay
kem hn phanh ma
=> phanh ma c s dung nhieu hn
phanh ai.

Chapter IV 30
 6. PHANH AP
TRUC
(Thrust brakes)
A salient feature of thrust brakes
is that the load require to produce the
braking torque is directed along the
axis of the brake shaft
a. Phanh non.(Cone brake)
Cau tao:
1. Truc
2. Banh non (lap tren
truc bang then).
3. Banh coc + mat con
(lap long khong).
4. Con coc.
Nguyen tac lam viec:Chapter IV 31
6. PHANH AP
TRUC
(Thrust brakes)
Kiem tra ap lc:
tt
Ket luan:
v toc o thay oi
phu thuoc D =>
mon khong eu.
[p] lay (11,5
kg/cm2 nhng khong
qua 2 2.5 kg/cm2 )

N K K 4.K
p [ ptb ]
S S . sin S n ( D22 D12 )

Chapter IV 32
 6. PHANH AP
TRUC
(Thrust brakes)
ttkien phanh:
Tnh lc ong phanh:P F

ms
ieu
2.M f 2.M f
P N Fms N . f P
D f .D
K 2.M f
Tren hnh ve:N K . sin
sin f .D
=> Ket luan:
K =>
( dnh con)
=> = 150
=> f (f = 0,3
0,4).

Chapter IV 33
 6. PHANH AP TRUC
(Thrust brakes) tt
b. Phanh a ( disc
brake)
La phanh non khi =
900.
Muc ch: P
K N . sin 90 0 N
K khi tang capf
mat tiep xuc.
K K
p [ p]
S
Ap suat
( D12be
D22 )mat:
4

Chapter IV 34
 6. PHANH AP TRUC
(Thrust brakes) tt
Vi Mf cho trc: giam K bang phanh
nhieu a.
M
Co z capMmat
0
f
=> Momen 1 mat:
Z

2.M 0 2.M f
Lc vong:
P
D Z .D P 2.M f
K
f Z .D. f
=> Lc ong phanh:
Ket luan: K Z lan so vi ch co 1
cap tiep xuc.
Chapter IV 35
6. PHANH AP TRUC
(Thrust brakes) tt
Tong ket:
Nhc iem so vi ma va ai:
Ket cau phc tap hn.
Be mat mon khong eu.
t dung trong nganh che tao can
truc.
S dung di dang phanh ap
truc t ong
Chapter IV 36
 6. PHANH AP TRUC
(Thrust brakes) tt
Brakes for lowering loads also referred to as
weight- operated or load brakes are widely
employed in hand operated hoists and some
power driven installation.
The purpose they serve is to stop and hold the
load suspended by applying a torque which is
proportional to the weight of the load hoisted
The braking torque is set automatically by the
torque from load
Chapter IV 37
 6. PHANH AP TRUC
(Thrust brakes) tt
c.Phanh ap truc t ong co
mat ma sat khong tach
ri.
(Load brakes operating at a
constant friction surface drag
both in lowering and hoisting)
1. Banh con lien mot khoi vi truc
vt.
2. Banh coc khoet mat con ben

trong.
3. Con coc.

4. Tay quay.

Lc ong phanh: lc doc truc cua

truc vt di tac dung cua trong
lng vat nang = > Q = const =>
mat phanh luon khep kn khi nang
cung nh khi ha (mat ma sat khong
tach ri). Chapter IV 38
6. PHANH AP TRUC
(Thrust brakes) tt
Nang: di tac dung Q (1) ep (2) thanh
mot khoi quay theo chieu nang ca he
thong quay coc khong can tr chuyen
ong.
Dng: ngng ngay, coc khong cho
phep c cau quay theo chieu ha.
Ha vat: quay theo chieu ha Mquay thang
Mf d gia be mat con => mat lam
viec b mai mon => ch dung trong c
cau quay tay.
Chapter IV 39
 6. PHANH AP TRUC
(Thrust brakes) tt
Tnh toan:
Phanh dung trong vat e tao momen phanh => thiet
ke phanh u ieu kien => tm goc nghieng banh
non.

Momen phanh can thiet:
M bv
M p k .M tv k . .
i

T ieu kien goc non (bai phanh
non). Dn f i
M p M f sin . .
K Dbv k
Mf . Dn . f
2.sin M bv
M . Dn . f
sin .Dbv
f
2. M bv
K Pbv
Dbv

Goc ln hn goc ma sat cua mat non e trach
dnh.
Chapter IV 40
6. PHANH AP TRUC
(Thrust brakes) tt
Lc ong phanh K la lc vong tren banh
vt Pbv , ma
Q.Dtg
M bv .
Pbv thay oi -> Mbv thay oi Q thay
oi i

=> Lc ong phanh K va Mf t le thuan Q.

=> Tnh chat t ieu chnh cua phanh =>

lay he so an toan lay thap (1,2).

Khi ha vat momen ha phai thang momen

cho.
M h M f M tv 1 M tv

Chapter IV 41
 6. PHANH AP TRUC
(Thrust brakes) tt
c.Phanh ap truc t ong co
mat ma sat tach ri.
(Load brakes operating at a
reduced friction surface in
lowering.)
1. a lap co nh tren truc.
2. Banh coc quay t do.

3. Con coc

4. Banh rang co mat bch at

long trong oan ren.
5. Vt ieu chnh.
Pham vi s dung: c cau nang
dan ong bang T va M.

Cau tao: chieu ren c chon sao cho di tac

dung cua momen do trong lng vat qua bo truyen
banh rang 4 th banh rang phai dch chuyen theo
Chapter IV 42
chieu ren ve ben trai ep chat banh coc (2) va
 6. PHANH AP TRUC
(Thrust brakes) tt
Nguyen tac lam viec:
Nang: truc 6 quay theo chieu nang con coc
khong can tr chuyen ong.
Dng: di tac dung cua trong vat =>
1+2+4 bang mot khoi lien ket chat bang
ma sat => con coc can tr chuyen ong
banh coc 2 => vat dng (treo).
Ha: truc 6 quay: w6 => banh rang nam yen
tren truc: w4 = 0
=> No theo chieu oan ren tach khoi
banh coc => mat K.
=> Vat ri t do: w4 (luc au w4 < w6 ).
=> Ri co gia toc : w4 > w6 => banh rang
theo ren ve trai => ep vao banh coc
=> c cau dng w4 = 0.
=>(6) van quay => qua trnh lap lai.
Tom lai: ha vat la loat qua trnh r t do
va dng => cc
Chapter IV 43
 Bi tp ti lp.

C mt h thng tang c ng knh 600 mm, treo vt

nng 200 kg. Cn phanh vt trong thi gian 2 giy t
vn tc 20 mt/pht. Tnh
1.H thng phanh nn vi lc ng phanh K l 500 N.
2.Tnh ton h thng phanh 2 m vi lc ng phanh Q
l 500 N.

44
 ANY QUESTIONS ?

..

THANK YOU

Chapter IV 45