Bodyfluid and

electrolit

Irfan Idris
Physiology Department
Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin
University
KOMPOSISI Plasma Interstitiel intrasel
(meq/l) ( meq/l) ( meq/l)
KATION
Na 143,0 140,0 14,0
K 4,2 4,0 140,0
Ca 1,8 1,2 <1
Mg 0,8 0,7 20,0

ANION
Cl 108,0 108,0 4,0
HCO3 24,0 28,3 10,0
HPO4 2,0 2,0 11,0
Protein 1,2 0,2 4,0
 Acid base balance

Irfan Idris
Physiology Department
Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin
University
Acid-Base Balance
Precise H+ regulation is essential because the
activities of almost all enzyme, cell and body
functions in the body are influenced by H +
concentration
Molecules containing hydrogen atoms that can
release hydrogen ions in solutions are referred
to as acids
A base is an ion or a molecule that can accept
an H+, alkali is a molecule formed by the
combination of one or more of the alkaline
metalssodium, potassium, lithium, and so
forthwith a highly basic ion such as a hydroxyl
ion (OH).
Alkalosis refers to excess removal of H+ from
the body fluids, in contrast to the excess
addition of H+, which is referred to as acidosis.
Defenses Against
Changes in
Hydrogen Ion
Buffer system
Concentration
Lung
Kidney
Buffering of Hydrogen
Ions
in the Body Fluids

Bicarbonate Buffer System

Phosphate Buffer System
Proteins: Important Intracellular
Buffers
Bicarbonate Buffer
System
Consists of a water solution that
contains two ingredients: (1) a
weak acid, H2CO3, and (2) a
bicarbonate salt, such as NaHCO3
Extracellular fluid
Phosphate Buffer
System
The main elements of the
phosphate buffer system are
H2PO4 and HPO4 =.
plays a major role in buffering
renal tubular fluid and intracellular
fluids.
Proteins: Important
Intracellular Buffers
Proteins are among the most plentiful
buffers in the body because of their high
concentrations, especially within the cells
In the red blood cell, hemoglobin (Hb) is
an important buffer, as follows:
60 to 70 per cent of the total chemical
buffering of the body fluids is inside the
cells, and most of this results from the
intracellular proteins
Respiratory Regulation
of Acid-Base Balance
The second line of defense against
acid-base disturbances is control of
extracellular fluid CO2
concentration by the lungs.
An increase in ventilation
eliminates CO2 from extracellular
fluid, which, by mass action,
reduces the H+ concentration
Renal Control of
Acid-Base Balance
The kidneys control acid-base balance
by excreting either an acidic or a basic
urine
Thus, the kidneys regulate extracellular
fluid H+ concentration through three
fundamental mechanisms: (1) secretion
of H+, (2) reabsorption of filtered HCO3 -
and (3) production of new HCO3 -.