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Thermal Rating - Single-Phase S&T Heat Exchanger
Thermal Rating - Single-Phase S&T Heat Exchanger
Thermal Rating - Single-Phase S&T Heat Exchanger
heat exchanger.
Thermal design principles
(contd)
In calculating t2, the Cp of the other fluid taken at
t1.
Once t2 is calculated, a mean temp. of t1 & t2 is
computed.
This mean temp. is used as ref. to obtain the Cp of
the other fluid.
An iterative procedure is carried out to determine
if the Cp of the other fluid is insignificant, the Cp is
taken as the mean temp.
Thermal design principles
(contd)
ii) Initial heat transfer area (Ao)
Calculate the Log Mean Temp. Different (LMTD).
(Tm).
1st, LMTD is calculated using inlet and out temp.
of HEX
assumptions:
No change in specific heats;
Constant heat transfer coefficients; and
No heat losses
Triangular (30)
Rotated Triangular (60)
Square (90)
Rotated Square (45)
Adv. & Disadv. of triangular pitch layout?
Accommodate more tubes than other patterns
Produce high turbulence better heat transfer
Typical pt = 1.25do restricts mech. cleaning of tubes
to restricted access lanes
Preferred when the diff. in OP between 2 fluids are
significant
Thermal design principles
(contd)
iii) Tube pitch, tube size, tube length & shell
diameter (contd)
Adv. & Disadv. of Triangular pitch layout? (contd)
number of tubes
Min. tube pitch for triangular pattern shall be:
pt = 1.25do
TEMA also recommends an additional min. 6mm
of cleaning lane between adjacent tubes for
square pitch
Min. tube pitch for square pitch shall be:
Max (pt = 1.25do ; do + 6mm)
Thermal design principles
(contd)
iii) Tube pitch, tube size, tube length & shell
diameter (contd)
Thermal design principles
(contd)
iii) Tube pitch, tube size, tube length & shell
diameter (contd)
Tube sizes ranging from (6.350mm) to 2
(50mm)
Smaller tube size more compact & economical
size HEX
Larger tube size heavy fouling & ease via
mech. Cleaning
Preferred length of HEX tubes 6ft (1.83m), 8ft
tube (A1,tube)
pressure drop!
Next, calc. tube bundle dia. (Db) (mm)
(1,067mm)
TEMA: shell dia. 60 (1,520mm)
Thermal design principles
(contd)
iii) Tube pitch, tube size, tube length & shell
diameter (contd)
TEMA: shell dia. 60 (1,520mm) (contd):
(contd)
Thermal design principles
(contd)
iii) Tube pitch, tube size, tube length & shell
diameter (contd)
Shell inner dia. (Ds) find out the shell-bundle
clearance
Shell bundle clearance type of HEX rear head
(contd)
Split-Ring floating heads (Type S)
(contd)
Fixed tube sheet (Type L, M & N)
U-tube (Type U)
Thermal design principles
(contd)
iii) Tube pitch, tube size, tube length & shell
diameter (contd)
Shell bundle clearance type of HEX rear head
(contd)
Externally sealed tube sheets (Type W)
Ds = Db + Shell-bundle clearance
Convert Db & Shell-bundle clearance frm. mm m
Thermal design principles
(contd)
iv) Calc. tube-side heat transfer coeff. (hi)
First, calc. the tube-side Reynolds number
Re < 2,100 Laminar
Re > 10,000 Turbulent
Thermal design principles
(contd)
iv) Calc. tube-side heat transfer coeff. (hi)
If 100 < Re < 2,100, use Sieder-Tates eq.
design, if cannot:
Min. (Nu from Slide #28, Nu from Slide #29)
Nu from Slide #28 & #29 are Sieder-Tates eq.
v) Calc. shell-side heat transfer coeff. (hs)
Calc. baffle spacing (B). Why have baffles?
Tube support
Maintain suitable shell-side fluid velocity
Prevent tube failure due to flow induced vibration
Thermal design principles
(contd)
v) Calc. shell-side heat transfer coeff. (hs)
(contd)
Baffle spacing (B): Max. (Ds/5; 2 in.) ensure
same units
Max baffle spacing (B) is:
answer
Compare it with the assumed Uo frm. Slide
#10
Uo from Slide #37 should be 30% of Uo,ass