CORO N A E F F E C T

LIPANA, AUDREY MAE

NC HO, C H A R NET H NO E C ATE
PA
SILVA, AARON
OBJECTIVES

TO UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISM OF CORONA AND HOW IT OCCURS.

TO KNOW DIFFERENT FACTORS OF CORONA THAT OCCURS ON THE
TRANSMISSION LINE

TO LEARN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CORONA

TO DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CORONA EFFECT
TO DEMONSTRATE THE REDUCTION OF CORONA EFFECT
WHAT IS CORONA
 CORONA, ALSO KNOWN AS PARTIAL DISCHARGE IS A TYPE OF LOCALIZED
EMISSION RESULTING FROM TRANSIENT GASEOUS IONIZATION IN AN
INSULATION SYSTEM WHEN THE VOLTAGE STRESS EXCEEDS A CRITICAL
VALUE.

IT OCCURS IN ALL TYPES OF TRANSMISSION LINES, BUT BECOMES MORE

NOTICEABLE AT HIGHER VOLTAGES (345 KV AND HIGHER). UNDER FAIR
WEATHER CONDITIONS, THE AUDIBLE NOISE FROM CORONA IS MINOR AND
RARELY NOTICED.

CORONA RESULTS IN A POWER LOSS. POWER LOSSES LIKE CORONA RESULT IN

OPERATING INEFFICIENCIES AND INCREASE THE COST OF SERVICE FOR ALL
RATEPAYERS; A MAJOR CONCERN IN TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN IS THE
REDUCTION OF LOSSES.
MECHANISM OF CORONA
 WHEN AN ALTERNATINGCURRENTIS MADE TO FLOW ACROSS TWO CONDUCTORS OF THETRANSMISSION LINEWHOSE
SPACING IS LARGE COMPARED TO THEIR DIAMETERS, THEN AIR SURROUNDING THE CONDUCTORS (COMPOSED OF
IONS) IS SUBJECTED TO DI-ELECTRIC STRESS. AT LOW VALUES OF SUPPLY END VOLTAGE, NOTHING REALLY OCCURS AS
THE STRESS IS TOO LESS TO IONIZE THE AIR OUTSIDE. BUT WHEN THE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE IS MADE TO INCREASE
BEYOND SOME THRESHOLD VALUE OF AROUND 30 KV KNOWN AS THECRITICAL DISRUPTIVE VOLTAGE, THEN THE
FIELD STRENGTH INCREASES AND THEN THE AIR SURROUNDING IT EXPERIENCES STRESS HIGH ENOUGH TO BE
DISSOCIATED INTO IONS MAKING THE ATMOSPHERE CONDUCTING. THIS RESULTS IN ELECTRIC DISCHARGE AROUND
THE CONDUCTORS DUE TO THE FLOW OF THESE IONS, GIVING RISE TO A FAINT LUMINESCENT GLOW, ALONG WITH THE
HISSING SOUND ACCOMPANIED BY THE LIBERATION OF OZONE, WHICH IS READILY IDENTIFIED DUE TO ITS
CHARACTERISTIC ODOR. THIS PHENOMENON OF ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE OCCURRING IN TRANSMISSION LINE FOR
HIGH VALUES OFVOLTAGEIS KNOWN AS THECORONA EFFECT IN POWER SYSTEM. IF THE VOLTAGE ACROSS THE
LINES IS STILL INCREASED THE GLOW BECOMES MORE AND MORE INTENSE ALONG WITH HISSING NOISE, INDUCING
VERY HIGH POWER LOSS INTO THE SYSTEM WHICH MUST BE ACCOUNTED FOR.
FACTORS OF CORONA
WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT AFFECTS CORONA
THE FACTORS THAT AFFECTS THE
CORONA ARE:
1. CONDUCTOR - CORONA EFFECT IS CONSIDERABLE AFFECTED BY THE SHAPE,
SIZE AND SURFACE CONDITIONS OF THE CONDUCTOR. IT DECREASES WITH THE
INCREASE IN SIZE (DIAMETER) OF THE CONDUCTOR. LESS EFFECT FOR THE
CONDUCTORS THAT ARE ROUND THAN TO FLAT-SHAPED CONDUCTORS.
2. LINE VOLTAGE - WHEN THE SYSTEM VOLTAGE INCREASES (IN EHV SYSTEM),
CORONA EFFECT WILL BE MORE.
3. ATMOSPHERE - CORONA BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE OCCURS AT LOW
VOLTAGES IN STORMY WEATHER CONDITION THAN TO NORMAL CONDITIONS
SINCE BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE DENSITY OF
THE ATMOSPHERE PRESENT IN BETWEEN POWER CONDUCTORS. THE IONS
PRESENT IN HIGHER THAN IN NORMAL WEATHER CONDITIONS.

4. CONDUCTOR SPACING - CORONA EFFECT TAKES PLACE AT MUCH

HIGHER VOLTAGE WHEN THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE POWER CONDUCTOR
INCREASES.
SOURCE OF CORONA

DURING WET OR FOUL WEATHER CONDITIONS, THE CONDUCTOR WILL

PRODUCE THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF CORONA NOISE. HOWEVER, DURING
HEAVY RAIN THE NOISE GENERATED BY THE FALLING RAIN DROPS HITTING THE
GROUND WILL TYPICALLY BE GREATER THAN THE NOISE GENERATED BY
CORONA AND THUS WILL MASK THE AUDIBLE NOISE FROM THE
TRANSMISSION LINE.
DETECTION OF CORONA
HOW WILL WE DETECT IF CORONA IS OCCURRING?
 CORONA CAN BE VISIBLE IN THE FORM OF LIGHT, TYPICALLY A PURPLE GLOW,
AS CORONA GENERALLY CONSISTS OF MICRO ARCS. DARKENING THE
ENVIRONMENT CAN HELP TO VISUALIZE THE CORONA. WHEN ATTACHED TO A
CAMERA (SET TO A LONG EXPOSURE TIME) TO A VIEWING WINDOW IN A
VACUUM CHAMBER TO CONFIRM THAT CORONA WAS INDEED OCCURRING,
AND THEREBY CONFIRMING OUR SUSPICIONS. YOU CAN OFTEN HEAR CORONA
HISSING OR CRACKING. THUS, STETHOSCOPES OR ULTRASONIC CAN BE USED
TO FIND CORONA. IN ADDITION, YOU CAN SOMETIMES SMELL THE PRESENCE
OF OZONE THAT WAS PRODUCED BY THE CORONA.
GLOW DISCHARGE
NEGATIVE POLARITY BRUSH
DISCHARGE
PLUME DISCHARGE
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF CORONA
ADVANTAGES

DUE TO CORONA FORMATION, THE AIR SURROUNDING THE CONDUCTOR

BECOMES CONDUCTING HENCE THE VIRTUAL DIAMETER OF THE CONDUCTOR
IS INCREASED. THE INCREASE IN DIAMETER REDUCES THE ELECTRO-STATIC
STRESSES BETWEEN THE CONDUCTORS

CORONA REDUCES THE EFFECTS OF TRANSIENTS PRODUCED BY SURGES.

DISADVANTAGES
CORONA IS ACCOMPANIED BY A LOSS OF ENERGY. THIS AFFECTS THE
TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY OF THE LINE.

OZONE IS PRODUCED WHICH CAUSES CORROSION OF THE CONDUCTOR DUE

TO CHEMICAL ACTION.

THE CURRENT DRAWN BY THE LINE DUE TO CORONA IS NON-SINUSOIDAL AND

HENCE THE NON-SINUSOIDAL VOLTAGE DROP OCCURS IN THE LINE. THIS MAY
CAUSE INDUCTIVE INTERFERENCE WITH NEIGHBOURING COMMUNICATION
LINES.
REDUCTION OF CORONA EFFECT

BY MINIMIZING THE VOLTAGE STRESS AND ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT

SURFACE TREATMENTS
HOMOGENOUS INSULATORS
LIMITED TO USING AIR AS INSULATOR
USING BUNDLED CONDUCTORS
ELIMINATION OF SHARP POINTS
USING CORONA RINGS
WEATHER
NEW CONDUCTOR
INCREASING THE SPACING BETWEEN CONDUCTORS
INCREASING THE DIAMETER OF THE CONDUCTOR
REFERENCES
HTTP://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2011/03/23/WHAT-IS-CORONA-EFFECT/

HTTP://KIRAN111.HUBPAGES.COM/HUB/CORONA-DISCHARGE-EFFECT-IN-ELECTRICAL-
TRANSMISSION-LINES

HTTP://WWW.ELECTRICALTECHNOLOGY.ORG/2012/02/ADVANTAGES-AND-DISADVANTAGES-OF-COR
ONA.HTML

HTTP://WWW.HUBBELLPOWERSYSTEMS.COM/LITERATURE/INSULATORS/EU1234-H.PDF
HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2011/03/23/WHAT-IS-CORONA-EFFECT/