INDUSTRI SODA

Soda Ash dan Caustic

Soda
 SODA ASH (Na2CO3)

Bentuk hidrat : Sodium carbonat

mohonidrat, sodium carbonat heptahidrat,
sodium carbonat decahidrat
Monohidrat : Na2CO3.H2O 85.48 % Na2CO3 +14,52 % air
Heptahidrat : Na2CO3.7H2O 45.7 Na2CO3 + 45.3% air
Decahidrat : Na2CO3.10H2O(sal soda atau washing soda)
37,06 Na2CO3 + 62,94 % air
 PROSES PEMBUATAN SODA ASH

Le Blanc Process
Trona Purification Process
Dual Process
SOLVAY Process atau Ammonia-Soda
Process
Soda Ash : Le Blanc Process
Le Blanc roasting salt cake + carbon + limestone
dalam rotary furnace, leaching the product with water
SODA ASH (Na2CO3)
Le Blanc Process

Reaksi Pembentukan Soda Ash pd Le Blanc Process :

2NaCl+H2SO4 Na2SO4+2HCL
4C+Na2SO4 Na2S+4CO
Na2S+CaCO3 Na2CO3+CaS
Treatment of CaS :
CaS + H2S Ca(SH)2
Ca(SH)2 + CO2 + H2O CaCO3 + 2 H2S
H2S + O2 H2O + S
 SODA ASH : Trona Purification
Process
TRONA : Mineral karbonat dengan rumus kimia Na3(CO3)
(HCO3)2H2O
Ada 2 jenis proses :
1. Kalsinasi trona impure soda ash purification
pure soda ash (MONOHIDRATE PROCESS)
2. Kalsinasi purified sesquicarbonat dari trona
(SODIUM SESQUICARBONATE PROCESS)
Trona Purification Process :
Monohidrate Process

Kalsinasi trona pada rotary kiln 150-300 deg C

dekomposisi sodium sesquicarbonat
(Na2CO3.NaHCO3.2H2O) Na2CO3, H2O, CO2
Trona Purification Process : Sodium
Sesquicarbonate process

Crushed trona dissolve saturated mother

liquor.
Ssaturated mother liqour evaporated in
vaccum crystrallizers, cooled to 40 deg C
kristal sodium sesquicarbonate centrifuge
kristal sesquicarbonate
Kristal sesquicarbonate kalsiner 200 deg C
soda ash
SOLVAY Process

Bahan Baku :
- Brine (NaCl), komposisi 28% w/w
- Batu kapur (CaCO3)
- Ammonia
Reaksi overall :
Konsep proses :
Karbon dioksida dialirkan ke dalam larutan garam jenuh
dengan ammonia akan menghasilkan natrium hidrogen
karbonat.
NH3+ H2O + CO2 NH4HCO3
NaCI + NH4HCO3 NaHCO3+ NH4CI
Konversi natrium hidrogen karbonat Natrium Karbonat
BLOK DIAGRAM Solvay Process
 TAHAP PROSES (1)

(i) Ammonia absorber

2NH3+ H2O + CO2 (NH4)2CO3
Adanya kandungan Ca dan Mg pada larutan
brine :
CaCI2+ (NH4)2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NH4CI

MgCI2+ (NH4)2CO3 MgCO3 + 2NH4CI

(ii) Carbonation Tower (SOLVAY TOWER)
(NH4)2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2 NH4HCO3
NH3+ H2O + CO2 NH4HCO3
NaCI + NH4HCO3 NaHCO3 + NH4CI

 Tambahan Reaksi pd
Ammonia Absorber
NaCl + H2O + NH3 NaCl + NH4OH
NaCl + NH4OH + CO2 NaCl +
NH4HCO3
NH3 + H2O NH4OH
 TAHAP PROSES (2)

(iii)Filtration
The solution containing crystals of NaHCO3is
drawn off from the base of the carbonation tower
and filtered to get NaHCO3.

(iv)The NaHCO3obtained from the above step

is heated strongly in kiln to covert it into sodium
carbonate (Na2CO3)
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3+ CO2+ H2O
The carbon dioxide produced here is sent to
carbonation tower.

 TAHAP PROSES (4)

(v) Ammonia recovery tower

NH4HCO3 NH3+ H2O + CO2
2NH4CI + Ca (OH)2 2NH3+ 2H2O + CaCI2

(vi) Lime kiln
T 1300 K
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
 Caustic Soda (NaOH)

Diperoleh dari dekomposisi brine

(NaCl) secara elektrolitik.

Proses pembuatan :
Kimia : Lime-Soda Process
Elektrokimia : Chloro Alkali Process
Chloro-Alkali Process
Caustic Soda dengan Elektrolitik
Process