Guidebook

for
Road Construction
and
Maintenance Management
In
The Republic of the Philippines


December 2009





Project On
Improvement of Quality Management
for
Highway and Bridge Construction
and
Maintenance Management in the Republic of the Philippines
 Inspection & Investigation

1.1 Inspection of Pavement

1.1.1 Visual Road Condition Assessment
Manual (ROCOND) Vol.9 (Jan 2009)
(1) Purpose of ROCOND Survey
To provide a sequence of recorded condition
that can be analyzed to indicate
performance trend;
To provide condition data for analysis in the
Pavement Management System (PMS),
Routine Maintenance Management System
(RMMS) and eventually for budgeting in the
Multi-Year Programming System (MYPS).
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(2) Definition of Visual Condition Index (VCI) Ranges

and Condition Rating
VCI is calculated by weighted score of visual
conditions and is evaluated in four categories as
shown below.
VCI Ranges Condition Rating

1 20 Bad

20.1 40 Poor

40.1 70 Fair
70.1 100 Good
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(3) VCI for Asphalt Concrete Pavement
Distress weighted factors are shown
in the table below.
Distress Weighted factor (Wf)
Cracking - Crocodile Narrow 3.50

Cracking - Crocodile Wide 9.00

Cracking Transverse Wide 8.50
Cracking Transverse Narrow 3.30
Edge Break (large) 1.25
Edge Break (medium) 0.82
Edge Break (small) 0.41
Patching 1.25
Potholes (number) 5.50
Surface Failures 0.70
Rutting (RDM) 4.00
Wearing Surface (Ravelling / ) Minor 0.55
Wearing Surface (Ravelling / ) Severe 1.20
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SDWf is the sum of weighted distress
SDWf=(Cracking*Wf)+(Edge-Break*Wf)+
(Patching*1.25)+(Potholes*5.5)+
(Surface Failures*0.7)+(Rutting
RDM*4)+(Wearing Surface defects*Wf)

VCI is calculated by the following formula;

VCI = select lager one from 1, and
For SDWf value more than 300, use 300
(maximum)
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(4) VCI for Concrete Pavement
Distress weighted factors are shown
in table below.
Distress Weighted factor (Wf)
Cracking - Crocodile Narrow 3.60

Cracking - Crocodile Wide 9.40

Cracking Transverse Wide 9.00
Cracking Transverse Narrow 3.50
Spalling (spalling, sever 3.00

Faulting (faulting, average) 8.00

Shattered Slabs (number) 5.50
Scaling Severe 1.20
Scaling Minor 0.55
Transverse Joint Sealant 0.28
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SDWf is the sum of weighted distress

SDWf = (Cracking*Wf)+(Spalling*3) +
(Faulting*8)+(Shattered Slabs*5.5)+(Joint
Sealant*0.28)+(Scaling*Wf)

VCI is calculated by the following formula

VCI = select lager one from 1, and

For SDWf value more than 300, use 300

(maximum)
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(5) VCI for Gravel Road
Distress weighted factors are shown in
table below.
Distress Weighted factor (Wf)
Gravel Thickness 10

Gravel Quality 12
Crown Shape 8
Drainage from Road 6
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SDWf is the sum of weighted distress.

SDWf = (Gravel Thickness*10)+(Gravel Quality*12) +(Crown

Shape*8)+(Drainage from Road*6)

VCI is calculated by the following formula

VCI=MAX(1,(100-(SDWf-SWf))
Where SWf is the sum of the weight factors (36)
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1.1.2 Pavement Inspection Sheet for
Selection of Pavement Repair Method
Inspection sheet is shown in the next page,
(also Sheet 1-1-2 in the bookend CD-R).
Inspection sheet is utilized on selected road
segment (such as rated Bad by ROCOND).
Inspection result is utilized in considering the
major cause of distress, selecting repair
method, and in calculating the cost of repair
works
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1.2 Inspection of Drainage
Inspection sheets for existing drainage are shown in the next pages, and attached in
bookend CD-R as Sheet 1-2-1 Drainage Check Sheet.
Road Drainage function will be determined during design stage, and it could be maintained
through close attention to the system by maintenance teams.
1) Checking at Design Stage
The design of drainage system is usually conducted by design firm/consultants.
Government officials are required to check the appropriateness of the design before the
execution of the construction by studying the existing systems as mentioned in
Maintenance Period.
2) Checking at Construction Periods
Basically the checking of construction work shall be conducted based on the Technical
Specification and approved Drawings.
3) Check sheet for Maintenance Periods
Maintenance shall start from Patrol of Site. First Sheet is for the checking on Site during the
Patrol. And 2nd sheet is prepared for the analysis in the office.
The engineer could determine the appropriate design by filling the empty column of the
checking sheets.

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1.2 Inspection of Drainage
Inspection sheets for existing drainage are shown in the next pages, and
attached in bookend CD-R as Sheet 1-2-1 Drainage Check Sheet.

Road Drainage function will be determined during design stage, and it could be
maintained through close attention to the system by maintenance teams.
1) Checking at Design Stage
The design of drainage system is usually conducted by design firm/consultants.
Government officials are required to check the appropriateness of the design
before the execution of the construction by studying the existing systems as
mentioned in Maintenance Period.
2) Checking at Construction Periods
Basically the checking of construction work shall be conducted based on the
Technical Specification and approved Drawings.
3) Check sheet for Maintenance Periods
Maintenance shall start from Patrol of Site. First Sheet is for the checking on Site
during the Patrol. And 2nd sheet is prepared for the analysis in the office.
The engineer could determine the appropriate design by filling the empty
column of the checking sheets.

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1.3 Inspection of Road Slope

1.3.1 Objectives
To determine the status and condition of soil
in geological hazard areas along roads.
To come-up with more accurate designs of
countermeasures for road slope disaster-
prone areas.
To prevent and mitigate road disasters such
as road slips, soil collapse and landslides.
To prevent loss of life and property.
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1.3.2 Natural Environments to Affect the Road Slope

Located on the northwestern fringes of the Pacific Ring of Fire, the

Philippines have experienced frequent seismic and volcanic
activities.

The Climate of the Philippines is a tropical wet maritime climate

dominated by a rainy, dry season and a cool season that dominates
on November to Mid-February.

Annual average rainfall ranges from as much as 5,000millimeters

(200in) in the mountainous east coast section of the country to
less than 1,000millimeters (39in) in some of the sheltered valleys.

The Philippines sit astride the typhoon belt, and the country suffers an
annual onslaught of dangerous storms from July through October.
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1.3.3 Situation of Road Slope Disaster

Around 2,700 Road Closure Disasters causing about P2.5 B in economic

losses occur annually (data of 2004-2005) on Philippine national
highways (Source JICA 2007, Study on Sediment-Related Disaster on
Selected National Highways in the Republic of the Philippines).

Road Slope Management System (RSMS) in Philippines by JICA Study

2007 has divided the disaster types into seven.
Soil Slope Collapse: SC
Rock Slope Collapse: RC
Landslide: LS
Road Slip: RS
Debris Flow: DF
River Erosion: RE
Costal Erosion: CE

Water infiltration is the main cause that induce slope disasters.

Frequent rains and storms as well as typhoons cause road slope
disasters including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
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 Geophysical Feature of
Earth/Debris

Block Diagram of Idealized

Complex Earth Slide Earth Flow
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