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AIS Simkin ch03
AIS Simkin ch03
Data Modeling
Introduction
An Overview of Databases
Steps in Developing a Database Using
Resources, Events and Agents Model
Normalization
Chapter
3-1
Introduction
Chapter
3-2
What is a Database?
Critical information
Volume
Distribution
Privacy
Irreplaceable data
Need for accuracy
Internet uses
Chapter
3-4
Storing Data in Databases
Chapter
3-5
Data Hierarchy
Chapter
3-6
Record Structures
Chapter
3-7
Database Keys
Primary Key
Unique to each record
Foreign Keys
Enable referencing of one or more records
Matches primary key of related table
Chapter
3-8
Records Combined Into
Report
Chapter
3-9
Additional Database Issues
Administration
Database Administrator
Documentation
Includesa variety of descriptions
Structures, Contents, Security Features
Data Dictionary
Metadata
Chapter
3-10
Data Dictionary Example
Chapter
3-11
Additional Database Issues
Data Integrity
Data Integrity controls
Designed by database developers
Chapter
3-12
Additional Database Issues
Concurrency
Concurrency controls
Prevent multi-user access at same time
A. Field
B. Record
C. File
D. Database
Chapter
3-14
Study Break #1 - Answer
A. Field
B. Record
C. File
D. Database
Chapter
3-15
Study Break #2
Resources
Organizations assets
Events
Activities associated with a business processes
Agents
People associated with business activities
Chapter
3-18
Steps in Developing
Databases with REA
Identify Entities
Chapter
3-19
Steps in Developing
Databases with REA
Chapter
3-20
Identify Events and
Entities
Types of Events
Business
Economic
Chapter
3-21
Entity Examples
Chapter
3-22
Identify Relationships
Among Entities
Types of Relationships
Direct relationship
Indirect relationship
Cardinalities
Nature of relationships among entities
Chapter
3-23
Cardinality Relationships
Notations
One-to-one (1:1)
One-to-many (1:N)
Many-to-many (N:N)
Purpose
Occurrence of one entity
Associated with occurrence of one event of another entity
Chapter
3-24
Cardinality Relationships
Chapter
3-25
Entity-Relationship
Diagram
Purpose
Diagram entities
Relationships among entities
Structure
Rectanglesrepresent entities
Connecting lines represent relationships
Chapter
3-26
E-R Diagram Example
Chapter
3-27
Relationship Tables
Chapter
3-28
Relationship Tables
Chapter
3-29
Schematic of Database
Tables
Chapter
3-30
Study Break #3
A. Agents
B. Additions
C. Accounts
D. Associations
Chapter
3-31
Study Break #3 - Answer
A. Agents
B. Additions
C. Accounts
D. Associations
Chapter
3-32
Study Break #4
A. One-to-one
B. None-to-none
C. One-to-many
D. Many-to-many
Chapter
3-33
Study Break #4 - Answer
A. One-to-one
B. None-to-none
C. One-to-many
D. Many-to-many
Chapter
3-34
Normalization
Normalization
Methodology ensuring attributes are stored in most
appropriate tables
Design promotes accuracy
Avoids redundancy of data storage
Levels
First normal form
Second normal form
Third normal form
Chapter
3-35
Unnormalized Data
Chapter
3-36
First Normal Form
Problems
Data redundancy
Insertion anomaly
Deletion anomaly
Chapter
3-37
First Normal Form
Example
Chapter
3-38
Second Normal Form
Benefits
More efficientdesign
Eliminates data redundancy
Chapter
3-39
Second Normal Form
Example
Chapter
3-40
Third Normal Form
Ultimate Goal
Create database in 3 NF
Chapter
3-41
Third Normal Form
Example
Chapter
3-42
Study Break #5
Chapter
3-43
Study Break #5 - Answer
Chapter
3-44
Copyright
Copyright 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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use of the information contained herein.
Chapter
3-45
Chapter 3
Chapter
3-46