SEMINAR ON

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

PRESENTED BY,
RAGHU SAI.G
3NA10ME021
UNDER GUIDEANCE,
PROF. ASHOK MALIPATIL
 DEFINATION OF HYDROGEN

Simplest element in the universe

one proton and one electron
Occurs naturally as a gas
Can be used to create energy
through combustion or use in fuel
cells
 Most hydrogen is bonded to oxygen
in the form of water (H2O)
Can be produced through the use of
nuclear, solar, wind, and other
renewable sources
Diversity of sources
make hydrogen available
alternative fuel
Steam methane
reforming (CH4 )
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN

Makes up 75% of the mass of all visible

matter
Nontoxic and nonpoisonous
Rarely found alone (H2) usually bonded to
oxygen in water (H2O)
Highly buoyant lighter than air, rises and
diffuses when leaked
Hydrogen Colour
Hydrogen smell
Hydrogen flame identification
 BASIC HISTORY OF
HYDROGEN
1820s Rev. W. Cecil developed
hydrogen-fueled engine
1876 Nicolaus Otto invented four-
cylinder engine;
1885 Gottleib Daimler invented
modern ICE
1920s first testing of the hydrogen ICE
Rudolf Erren used hydrogen ICEs in
submarines and land vehicles
 General Motors coined the phrase
hydrogen economy during the fuel
crisis of the 1970s
As fuel prices returned to normal,
interest in hydrogen vehicles
diminished
Rising fuel prices, environmental
concerns, and energy security
sparked interest again in the twenty-
first century
ALTERNATE FUEL CELL VEHICLE
HYBRIDS
ETHANOL/E85
Here now, but still require gas Pushed
by GM

More expensive, just as dirty?

 HYDROGEN FUEL CELL

Fuel cells are similar to

batteries, but designed
for continuous
replenishment of energy
via external fuel
Many different types of
fuel cells, most common
will likely be the PEM FC
Hydrogen and oxygen
in, water vapor and
liquid water out
Typical output is about .
8 volts
WORKING OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
 TYPES OF FUEL CELL
VEHICLE

Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Dual-Fuel Hydrogen Vehicles
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
Concept Vehicles
HYDROGEN SOURCES
 Cooling at
atmospheric
Pressure= -253 c
Std heating value
H2 gas =12.1 MJ/cu
m
Std heating value
of liquid H2 = 120
MJ/Kg
 HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE
Hydrogen Production
Almost all of the hydrogen produced in the U.S.
today is by steam reforming of natural gas
Produce hydrogen directly from new nuclear
power reactors?
R&D into several new methods:
Biological Water Splitting
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Reforming of Biomass and Wastes
Solar Thermal Water Splitting
Renewable Electrolysis
 THE HYDROGEN HIGHWAY

-Worlds first hydrogen refueling

station opened in Iceland in 2003
California & Florida have both
approved funding
BC Hydrogen Highway will
link Vancouver & Whistler
by start of 2010
Winter Olympic Games
 HYDROGEN STORAGE
Compressed gas storage
Liquid storage(cryogenic storage)
Line pack system
Under ground storage
Storage as metal hydride
 APPLICATION
Automobiles
Although there are currently no fuel cell cars
available for commercial sale, over 20 FCEVs
prototypes and demonstration cars have been
released since 2009. Automobiles such as the
GM HydroGen4,Honda FCX Clarity,
Toyota FCHV-advandMercedes-Benz F-Cellare
all pre-commercial examples of fuel cell
electric vehicles. Fuel cell electric vehicles
have driven more than 3 million miles, with
more than 27,000 refuelings.
Buses
There are also demonstration models of
buses,and in total there are over 100
fuel cell busesdeployed around the world today.
Most of these buses are produced by UTC Power,
Toyota, Ballard, Hydrogenics, and Proton Motor.
UTC buses have already accumulated over
970,000km (600,000mi) of driving.
Fuel cell buses have a 30-141% higher fuel
economy than diesel buses and natural gas
buses.
Motorcycles and bicycles
In 2005 the British firmIntelligent Energyproduced
the first ever working hydrogen runmotorcyclecalled
theENV(Emission Neutral Vehicle).
The motorcycle holds enough fuel to run for four
hours, and to travel 160km (100mi) in an urban area,
at a top speed of 80km/h (50mph).
In 2004Hondadeveloped afuel-cell motorcyclewhich
utilized the Honda FC Stack.There are other examples
of bikesand bicycleswith a hydrogen fuel cell engine.
The Suzuki Burgman received "whole vehicle type"
approval in the EU.
Airplanes
Boeingresearchers and industry partners throughout
Europe conducted experimental flight tests in
February 2008 of a mannedairplanepowered only by
a fuel cell and lightweightbatteries.
The Fuel Cell Demonstrator Airplane, as it was called,
used a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell/
lithium-ion battery hybrid system to power an
electric motor, which was coupled to a conventional
propeller.
In 2003, the world's first propeller driven airplane to
be powered entirely by a fuel cell was flown.
 ADVANTAGES
Created from water, can be recycled to produce more
hydrogen

Cleanest fuel available when combusted produces

carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or hydrocarbon
emissions

Leaks/spills will quickly evaporate and do not pose any

threats to the environment

Domestic production will allow for energy

independence
 DISADVANTAGE
Conceptually, replacing the current oil-based
infrastructure withhydrogenwould cost billions,
maybe trillions, of dollars.
Although abundant in the universe,hydrogenis
fairly rare in our atmosphere, meaning that it has to
be extracted (for example through electrolysis, as
explained above) and currently, the process is cost
prohibitive and inefficient.
It is a very flammable gas (think of the Hindenburg),
which further adds to the on-board storage problems.
its production at energy plants creates excessive
carbon dioxide.
Hydrogen Technology Development
In India
Production of hydrogen by photo electrolysis of
water using solar energy
Production of hydrogen by blue green algae & by
certain bacterial species
Storage of hydrogen through metal hydride / non
metal hydride
Problems relating to utilization of hydrogen as a
fuel,that is developed for certain engines and fuel
etc.
Liquid hydrogen production, storage and
utilization.
 CONCLUSION
Hydrogen Fuel cell vehicles are currently being
researched for their feasibility of widespread usage
in automobiles and other forms of transportation.
Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth
and thus is not an energy source, but is an energy
carrier. Currently it is most frequently made from
methane or other fossil fuels .
However, it can be produced from a wide range of
sources (such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are
intermittent, too diffuse or too cumbersome to
directly propel vehicles.
 REFERENCE
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
http://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/proj_produc
tion_delivery.html
DoE Alternative Fuels Data Center
http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/laws/ep
act_2005.html
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Realm
http://www.geocities.com/aardduck/fc_bas
ic.html
Non conventional energy source G D rai
2006 edition
FuelCellWorks.com
 THANK
YOU