BKF 3731 UNIT OPERATION LAB

2016/2017 SEM II

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : SIEVE TRAY DISTILLATION

GROUP MEMBER : 1) ONG WIN FATT KA14066
2) LEE JING SEONG KA14025
3) MOK TZE HOW KC14018
4) LOONG PUI WEN KE14024
INTRODUCTION
 condenser

Control Panel

reflux Drum
sieve tray

refractome
ter
reboiler
Major Part of Equipment temperature sensor
 condenser

All of the vapor

leaving the top of the
column is
condensed.
Consequently, the
composition of the
vapor leaving the
top tray y1 is the
same as that of the
liquid distillate
product and reflux,
xD .
 Reflux Drum

Liquid which results is

temporarily held in the
"accumulator" .
A liquid stream is
withdrawn from the
drum and returned to
the top tray of the
column as reflux (R ) to
 Boil the liquid from
the bottom of a
distillation column to
generate vapours
which are returned to
the column

reboiler
 Control Panel

To control the reflux

and the heating
power of reboiler
Digital indicators for
temperature, flow
and differential
pressure
 to promote
contact between
the vapor and
liquid on the
stage

sieve tray

temperature sensor
 an instrument
for measuring a
refractive index

refractome
ter
CALIBRATION METHODOLOGY
 Refractometer
A refractometer is an optical devise used for measuring the extent to
which light is bent, or refracted, when it moves through a substance.
It works because light travels at different velocities in different mediums.
It can be used to measure fluid concentrations
Preparation of Calibration
RESULT
 Mixture Composition

Calibration Data
Set 1 Set 2 Average

10.0 mL water 0% 1.3338 1.3343 1.3341

2.5 mL Ethanol + 25% 1.3399 1.3394 1.3397

7.5 mL water

5.0 mL Ethanol + 50% 1.3438 1.3425 1.3432

5.0 mL water

7.5 mL Ethanol + 75% 1.3478 1.3473 1.3476

2.5 mL water

10.0 mL Ethanol 100% 1.3498 1.3492 1.3495

 Calaibration Curve
1.36

1.35 f(x) = 0.02x + 1.34

R = 0.98

1.35

1.34
Refractive Index

1.34

1.33

1.33
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Mole Fraction of Ethanol
Refractive Index Data at the Distillate
and Bottom
Feed Distillate Bottom

Temp Refractive Index Temp Refractive Index

1 2 Average 1 2 Average

4L Ethanol + 1L 79.9 1.3484 1.3479 1.3482 85.8 1.3401 1.3403 1.3402

water

3L Ethanol + 2L 80.2 1.3464 1.3469 1.3467 89.1 1.3406 1.3412 1.3409

water

2L Ethanol + 3L 80.2 1.3435 1.3441 1.3437 91.8 1.3425 1.3423 1.3424

water
 Interpret Calibration Curve

Example:
At distillate, for refractive index of 1.3482, when the mole
fraction of ethanol in feed is 0.8

Thus, the composition of ethanol is 84.52% at the distillate.

 Ethanol Composition Data
Feed Distillate (D) Bottom (W)

Mole fraction of Ethanol Mole fraction of ethanol

4L Ethanol + 1L water 0.8452 0.329

3L Ethanol + 2L water 0.6903 0.3742

2L Ethanol + 3L water 0.5613 0.4710

Discussion
 To calculate the volumetric flow rate of
ethanol in distillate

To calculate HETP
To calculate HETP
To calculate the HETP

Number of tray = 2.67

Number of stages= 2.67 + 1 Reboiler
= 3.67

HETP = Height of bed column (H)/ N

= 750mm/3.67
= 204.36mm
To calculate the HETP
 Overall Tray Efficiency

Lower HETP, Higher

Efficiency!!!!
T: Tray Spacing
Eo : overall tray efficiency
80% > 60% >
40%
The higher the percentage of ethanol in
water
the higher the refractive index
The shorter the time need for the first vapour to form
The shorter the time taken to reach 100ml
The shorter the time needed for the distillate to reach
from 100ml to 200ml
The lower the HETP