Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mixed Method
Mixed Method
Mixed Method
Introduction
2
A Definition of Mixed Methods
Research
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Text Data Numeric Data
Mixed Methods
Method
Methodology
Paradigm
Perspective Use of mixed methods
in other designs 5
Strength & weakness of quantitative &
qualitative methods
Quantitative Qualitative
Generalization
Details, in depth
6
Six core characteristics of mixed
methods research
Quantitative data:
Qualitative data:
i. Instruments
i. Interviews
ii. Checklists
ii. Observations
iii. Records
iii. Documents
iv. Audio-visual materials
9
Data analysis
Quantitative: Qualitative:
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Mixing or linking the data
Converge data:
Connect data:
1. Preliminary considerations
2. Creating a title
3. Posing a general question
4. Listing the types of data collection & analysis
5. Making explicit your worldview
6. Identifying your research design
7. Drawing a figure of your design
8. Writing a purpose statement
9. Writing research questions
10. Completing a research plan
Preliminary considerations
(before you begin to design)
1. Research problem
i. Content any topics
ii. Fit the problem to mixed methods (arguments)
4. Receptive audience
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Pose the general question to be
answered
1. Write it as a question
2. Look to see how it is phrased
3. Make sure that it is specific enough and focused
(an answerable question)
4. Ask yourself, when I end the study, what question
would like to have answered?
16
List your types of data collection
(a review)
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List your approach to data
analysis (a review)
18
Determine your worldview (philosophical
developments)
Postpositivism Constructivism
Determination Understanding
Reductionism Multiple participant
Empirical observation and meanings
measurement Social and historical
Theory verification construction
Theory generation
Advocacy/Participatory Pragmatism
Political Consequences of actions
Empowerment issue- Problem-centered
oriented Pluralistic
Collaborative Real-world practice
Change-oriented oriented
19
several stances on philosophy in
mixed methods
What it is?
How it informs your study?
20
Make explicit your interpretive lens
(theory)
3. Components:
a. What is it
b. Who has used it in your field
c. How it will shape your study (rephrase your guiding
research question, if a lens applies)
21
State your procedures (methods)
22
Parsimonious designs (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007)
QUAN
QUAN QUAL
QUAL
Data
Data&& Data
Data&&
Interpretation
Results
Results
Interpretation Results
Results
Embedded Design
Exploratory Design
QUAL
QUAL quan
quan
Data
Data&& Data
Data&& Interpretation
Results
Results Building to
Results
Results Interpretation
triangulation
Concurrent, n/a QUAN(qual) QUAL(quan)
embedded
Explanatory, QUANQUAL QUANqual quanQUAL
Quantitative Results
Determine how groups differ
using ANOVA test
Experiment
Intervention
QUANTI QUANTI
Data collection Data collection
Pre-test Post-test
Process
collection
& analysis of qualitative
data 29
31
Write a purpose statement for a
triangulation design
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Write a purpose statement for a
embedded design
This mixed methods study will address _________________ (overall
content aim of the study). An embedded mixed method design
will be used, and it is a design in which one data set provides a
supportive, secondary role in a study based primarily on the
other data set. The primary purpose of this study will use
________________ (quantitative instruments) to test the theory of
_____________ (the theory) that predicts that __________________
(independent variables) will influence ________________ (positively,
negatively) the __________ (dependent variables or outcomes) for
____________ (participants) at __________ (the research site). A
secondary purpose will be to gather qualitative data
_______________ (type of qualitative data, such as interviews) that
will explore ____________ (the central phenomenon) for
_________________ (participants) at _____________(site). The
reason for collecting the secondary database is ________________
(e.g., to address different question, to provide support for the
primary purpose).
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Write a purpose statement for an
explanatory design
This study will address _______________ (content-aim of the study).
An explanatory mixed methods design will be used, and it will
involve collecting qualitative data after a quantitative phase in order
to explain or follow up on the quantitative data in more depth. In
the first quantitative phase of the study, ______________ instrument
data to be collected from _______________ (participants) at
___________ (research site) to test _______ (the theory) that explains
why ______________ independent variables) relate to the ____________
(dependent variables). The second qualitative phase will be
conducted because ______________ (intent of the qualitative phase).
In this exploratory follow-up, the ______________ (central
phenomenon) will be tentatively explored with ___________
(participants) at _____________ (the research site). The reason for the
exploratory follow-up is to _______________ (e.g., to help explain or
build upon initial quantitative results).
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Write a purpose statement for an
exploratory design
This study addresses _________________ (content-area of the study).
The purpose of this exploratory sequential design will be to
__________________ (e.g., develop an test an instrument, generate a
taxonomy). The first phase of the study will be a qualitative
exploration of ________________ (the central phenomenon) by
collecting ___________________ (types of data) from _________________
(participants) at _____________ (the research site). The second
quantitative phase will follow up on the qualitative phase for the
purpose of __________(intent of this followup). In the quantitative
phase, ___________ (instrument data) will be collected from
____________ (participants) at ______________ (research site).
Quantitative research questions/hypotheses will be formulated after
the completion of the initial qualitative phase. The reason for
collecting qualitative data initially is that _____________________ (e.g.,
instruments are not available, variables are not known, there is little
guiding theory).
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Qualitative research questions
36
Quantitative research questions
37
Writing research questions/hypotheses in
mixed methods research
38
A new type of research question: A mixed
methods question
Methodologically-focused:
Content-focused:
1. Title
2. Introduction
i. (Problem)
ii. Worldview/theoretical lens
iii. Audience
iv. Purpose Statement
v. Research Questions
3. Literature Review
4. Methods
i. Type of Mixed Methods Design (also add definition of mixed methods)
ii. Types of Data Collection
iii. Types of Data Analysis
iv. Sequence/Emphasis/ Mixing Procedures
v. Figure of procedures
vi. Anticipated methodological issues
5. Ethical issues anticipated
6. Validity issues
7. Researcher resources and skills 40
8. References, Appendices
Benefits of Mixed Method
1 Triangulation:
Seeks convergence, corroboration and correspondence of results from
different methods.
2 Complementarity:
Seeks elaboration, enhancement, illustration, clarification of results of one
method with the results from the other method.
3 Development:
Seeks to use the results of one method to help or inform the other method.
4 Initiation:
Seeks the discovery of paradox and contradiction, new perspectives, the
recasting of questions or the results from one method with questions or
results from the other method .
5 Expansion:
Seeks to extend the breadth and range of inquiry by using different
methods from different inquiry components.
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Reference
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