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Solution To Charging and Billing in 4G Network VIT
Solution To Charging and Billing in 4G Network VIT
VIT
PREPARED BY:-
VINITA BHANDWAD
READING ME(EXTC) SEM III(13113A0003)
VIT, WADALA
CONTENTS:
Introduction to Generations.
Various Generations.
Limitations and Drawbacks of 3G Network.
Leap towards 4G.
4G Technology.
Features of 4G Technology.
Challenges in 4G.
Applications in 4G.
4G Architecture.
Advantages and Disadvantages of 4G.
Billing Issue in 4G.
Proposed Solution to Billing issue.
Simulation Results.
Literature Survey.
References.
Solution to Charging and Billing in 4G Network
Conclusion. VIT
Introduction to Generations
1G
2G
2.5G
3G
4G
Future Generation 5G
Drawbacks of 1G:
Features Includes:
Drawbacks of 2G:
Digital traffic channels first-generation systems are almost purely analog; second-
generation systems are digital.
Encryption all second generation systems provide encryption to prevent
eavesdropping.
Error detection and correction second-generation digital traffic allows for detection
and correction, giving clear voice reception.
Channel access second-generation systems allow channels to be dynamically
shared by a number of users.
2.5G is a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generation of mobile
telephony.
2.5G is sometimes described as 2G Cellular Technology combined with GPRS.
Features Includes:
Phone Calls
Send/Receive E-mail Messages
Web Browsing
Speed : 64-144 kbps
Camera Phones
Take a time of 6-9 mins. to download a 3 mins Mp3 song.
4G technology refer to or short name of fourth Generation which was started from
late 2000s.
Capable of providing 100Mbps 1Gbps speed.
The Necessicity of higher speed is required to fulfill the tremendous requirement for
some application s such as face book, YouTube etc.
Table
Solution to Charging and Billing in 4G Network 1
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Cont
The rapid developments in terms of the user equipment like mobiles, smart
devices, hand-held terminals etc. have contributed greatly by accelerating the
realization of 4G networks.
The development of advance technologies like LTE and Wi-MAX will realize
high speed switching with high quality of service and greater functionality.
Billing in 4G has become much more complicated because of 4G networks.
This is mainly due to heterogeneity of 4G networks and the frequent
interaction of service providers.
Security: The first step in analyzing cellular wireless security is to identify the
security objectives. The goals that the security policy and corresponding technology
should achieve are to ensure that information generated by or relating to a user is
adequately protected against misuse or misappropriation. It is to be ensured that the
level of protection afforded to users and providers of services is considered to be
better than that provided in contemporary fixed and mobile networks. Further, it is to
be seen that the implementation of security features and mechanisms can be
extended and enhanced as required by new threats and services.
Hand off Delay: Handoff delay poses another important QoS-related issue in 4G
wireless networks. During the handoff process, the user may experience a significant
drop in QoS that will affect the performance of both upper-layer protocols and
applications. Deploying a priority-based algorithm and using location-aware adaptive
applications can reduce both handoff delay and QoS variability. When there is a
potential for considerable variation between senders and receivers device
capabilities, deploying a receiver-specific filter in part of the network close to the
source can effectively reduce the amount of traffic and processing, perhaps
satisfying other users QoS needs.
4G supportive devices showing less Battery Backup: In 4G supportive Devices
due to presence of large number of Transmitters & Receivers, the battery of the
device runs off quite quickly. With technological developments the devices are
getting smaller in size due to Large Scale Integration and micro architecture. Hence
in 4G devices if we want to enhance the battery life by designing a much powerful Li-
on Battery ,then the backup would increase no doubt but also the size o the device
would increase i.e. not highly recommended.
Figure 1
Solution to Charging and Billing in 4G Network
VIT
Cont
Figure 1 shows the widely accepted 4G network structure with IP as the core
network used for communication; integrating the 2G, 3G and 4Gtechnologies
using a convergence layer.
This architecture fulfils the basic requirement of servicing the standalone and
mobile subscribers on an anytime, anywhere, anyhow basis in dynamic
network conditions.
Strengths in 4G:
4G visions take into account installed base and past investments
Strong position of telecommunications vendors expected in the marketplace
Faster data transmission and higher bit rate and bandwidth, allow more
business applications and commercialization.
Has advantage for personalized multimedia communication tools
Weakness in 4G:
No large user community for advanced mobile data applications yet Growing
divergence between telecommunications vendors and operators
Not possible to offer full internet experience due to limited speed and
Bandwidth
Comparatively higher cost to use and deploy infrastructure compared fast
mobile generation
Table 2
a)System standards
LTE Advanced
WiMAX 2
c) IPv6 SUPPORT
System standards
LTE
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a radio platform technology that will allow operators to
achieve even higher peak throughputs than HSPA+ in higher spectrum bandwidth.
LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) on the downlink,
which is well suited to achieve high peak data rates in high spectrum bandwidth.
7TH MOBILE
COMM
Solution to Charging and Billing in 4G Network
STANDARD
VIT
LTE capabilities include:
Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz,
Example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 ,65.198.2.10 192.168.5.120
First wireless MAN air interface standard in 2001 (use above 10GHz)- approved
WiMAX 802.16a original WiMAX specs in January 2003 Followed by 802.16d (fixed
WiMAX) in 2004 which added the MIMO.
Further came in 802.16e (mobile WiMAX) which added the mobility factor Current
version is 802.16j which added multihop relay
Future standards of 802.16m, 802.16n and 802.16p are in progress which will bring
in advanced air interface with higher data rates of 100mbps for mobile and 1Gbps for
fixed services along with higher reliability of network and FDD along with TDD.
Figure 2
Solution to Charging and Billing in 4G Network
VIT
Needs for security and manageability
4G system uses the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) to locate devices.
There is room for approximately 3.40 * 1038 unique addresses.
There are enough addresses for every phone to have a unique address.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a methodology and group of technologies for
the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet
Protocol (IP) networks
Table
Solution to Charging and Billing in 4G Network 3
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Solution to Charging and Billing in 4G Network
VIT
Advantages and Disadvantages:
Disadvantages:-
Expensive and hard to implement
Bettery usage is more
Needs complex hardware
According to papers studied regarding the billing issue in 4G network, the network operator
should be able to provide the convergent structure for the 4G customers.
User who have activated 4G network on their cell phone should be able to use Internet
always which is the main aim of 4G network.
Consider user is moving to a new destination where 4G service is unavailable to him in
such case the 4G phones must be able to scan different available network either his home
operator or different operator and the service should be provided to him.
In some cases for ex: In a Big mall Free open Wi-Fi is provided to users then the 4G cell
phones must be able to scan this free network and activate it to the users cell phone and
during this period no Internet charges should be applicable to user.
Therefore in this proposed solution initially the user is first activating 4G network on his cell
phone later if the user is travelling and there is no 4G network then the cell phone first
scans other available network i.e. it checks if there is 3G network available if not then it
checks if 2G network is available else it just provides the basic services to user i.e. call and
text.
All this will be updated in Home Network Database and a single bill will be provided to
user.
The main part is all the above process will be done automatically no human intervention
Solution
will betorequired.
Charging and Billing in 4G Network
VIT
Therefore user can enjoy all services without his intervention at any point after activating
Simulation Result: