SINGLE NODE-PAIR CIRCUITS

IN PRACTICE NODES MAY ASSUME STRANGE

THESE CIRCUITS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY ALL
FORMS
THE ELMENTS HAVING THE SAME VOLTAGE
ACROSS THEM - THEY ARE IN PARALLEL

EXAMPLE OF SINGLE NODE-PAIR

LOW DISTORTION POWER AMPLIFIER
V

THIS ELEMENT IS INACTVE (SHORT-CIRCUITED)

LOW VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY FOR CRT - PARTIAL VIEW

SAMPLE PHYSICAL NODES

COMPONENT SIDE CONNECTION SIDE

 BASIC CURRENT DIVIDER Rp
THE CURRENT DIVISION
APPLY KCL

THE CURRENT i(t) ENTERS THE NODE AND

SPLITS - IT IS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE
CURRENTS i1(t) AND i2(t)

USE OHMS LAW TO REPLACE

CURRENTS

DEFINE PARALLEL RESISTANCE COMBINATION 1 4

I1 (5) 1mA 2
I I I1 (5)
1 1 4 1 5
i (t ) v (t )
Rp
R1R2
v (t ) i (t )
R1 R2
 FIND I 1 , I 2 , VO

WHEN IN DOUBT REDRAW THE CIRCUIT TO

HIGHLIGHT ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS!!

IS EASIER
TO SEE THE
DIVIDER 80k * I 2
24V
 CAR STEREO AND CIRCUIT MODEL

215mA
215mA

POWER PER SPEAKER

THERE IS MORE THAN ONE

LEARNING EXTENSION - CURRENT DIVIDER OPTION TO COMPUTE I2

USING CURRENT DIVIDER

KCL: I 2 16 I1 0
40
I2 (16) 4mA
120 40
POWER: I 2 R
RESISTANCEIN k, P 144 * 40mW 5.76W
120 CURRENTIN mA YIELDPOWERIN mW
I1 (16) I1 12mA
120 40
FIRST GENERALIZATION: MULTIPLE SOURCES
APPLY KCL TO THIS NODE

EQUIVALENTSOURCE

DEFINE PARALLEL RESISTANCE COMBINATION

1
iO ( t ) v (t )
Rp
R1 R2
v (t ) iO ( t )
R1 R2
 FIND VO AND THE POWER
SUPPLIED BY THE SOURCES

6k
VO
10mA 3k
15mA

VO 10V
Rp VO P15 mA VO (15mA)
5mA 150mW
6k * 3k P6 mA VO (10mA)
Rp 2 k
6k 3k 100mW
SECOND GENERALIZATION: MULTIPLE RESISTORS
APPLY KCL TO THIS NODE

Ohms Law at every resistor

v ( t ) RP i O ( t )
R
v (t ) i K (t ) p iO (t )
ik (t ) Rk
Rk
General current divider
 Notice use of passive
sign convention
v(t )
v v v Once v(t) is known
4k 6k 12k all other variables can
be determined; e.g.,
v v v
KCL :6mA 4mA 0 12k
4k 6k 12k v2 16V
P6 k 2.667 mW
72V 3v 2v 48V v 0 6k 6k
24V 6v 0
v 4V
 FIND i1 AND THE POWER
SUPPLIED BY THE SOURCE
20k||5k

i1
4k 20k 5k
8mA
1 1 1 1 5 1 4 1
R p 2k
R p 4k 20k 5k 20k 2k
2k AN ALTERNATIVE
i1 (8) 4mA APPROACH
4k
v 4k * i1 16V i1
P v (8mA) 128mW 4k 4k
v ( t ) RP i O ( t )
R 8mA
v (t ) i K (t ) p iO (t )
ik (t ) Rk
Rk
General current divider
 FIND THE CURRENT IL

COMBINE RESISTORS
COMBINE THE SOURCES

1mA

STRATEGY: CONVERT THE PROBLEM INTO A

BASIC CURRENT DIVIDER BY COMBINING
SOURCES AND RESISTORS.
THE NEXT SECTION EXPLORES IN MORE
DETAIL THE IDEA OF COMBINING RESISTORS

NOTICE THE MINUS SIGN

 6k 6k I2
I1
B C 3
I1 9[mA] 3mA
9
3k 3k I 2 I1
9mA
A

6k
I1 C
B 6k I1 B 3k
3k

I2 6k C
9mA
9mA
A 3k 3k 6k
A I2
DIFFERENT LOOKS FOR THE SAME
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
 6k 6k
I1 I2
C
B

3k 3k
9mA
A

I1
REDRAWING A CIRCUIT 9mA
MAY, SOMETIMES, HELP TO
VISUALIZE BETTER THE
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
A I2

6k 3k 6k 3k

C
 Determine power
+ delivered by source
2k 4k V 3k
_ 20mA P Rp * (20mA) 2

1 1 1 1 63 4

Rp 2k 4k 3k 12k
12
Rp k
13
12
P *103 * (20 *103 ) 2 [ A]
13
4.800
P W
13