OPEN AREA SEMINAR

ON

UNDER WATER WELDING

 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

NEED OF UNDER WATER WELDING

TYPES OF UNDER WATER WELDING

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

SPECIFICATION

FUTURE SCOPE

REFERENCES
 WELDING

Welding is a materials joining process which

produces coalescence of materials by heating
them to suitable temperatures with or without
the application of pressure or by the application
of pressure alone, and with or without the use of
filler material.
Welding is used for making permanent joints
 ADVANTAGES

High joint efficiency

Water and air tightness

Weight saving

No limit on thickness

Simple structural design

Reduction in fabrication time and cost

 DISADVANTAGES
Difficult to arrest fracture

Possibility of defects

Sensitive to materials

Lack of reliability

Residual stress and distortion

 NEED OF UNDER WATER
WELDING

DUE TO RAPID GROWTH IN OFF SHORE INDUSTRY

MARINE APPLICATION

REPAIR OF SHIP IN DEEPER WATER LEVEL

INSTALLATION AND REPAIR OF PIPELINES IN DEEP WATER

DEEP SEA DRILLING FOR OIL AND OCEAN BED MINING

INSTALLATION OF APPROPRIATE STRUCTURES AND PIPELINES

TO CONVEY THE PRODUCTS
 TYPES OF UNDER WATER WELDING

1. WET UNDER WATER WELDING

2. DRY UNDER WATER WELDING

a. AT ATMOSPERIC PRESSURE

b. HYPERBARIC PRESSURE

i. MANUAL WELDING

ii. DIVER ASSISTED AUTOMATED WELDING

iii. FULLY AUTOMATED WELDING

 WET UNDER WATER
WELDING
PERFORMED UNDER WATER

DIRECTLY EXPOSED TO WET ENVIRONMENT

SPECIAL TYPES OF ELECTRODES ARE USED

FREEDOM OF MOVEMENTS

SIMPLE SETUP

DOES NOT NEED WATER TO BE EVACUATED

WELDING CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 SPECIFICATION
POWER SUPPLY USED : DC

POLARITY : NEGATIVE POLARITY

CURRENT : 300 TO 400 AMPS

KNIFE SWITCH

SPECIAL WELDING ELECTRODE HOLDER

ELECTRODE MUST BE WATERPROOFED

SELECTION OF ELECTRODE IN WET UNDER WATER
WELDING

SPECIAL TYPES OF ELECTODE USED WHICH FOLLOWS ASW E6013

STANDARDS AND CODES

BASE MATERIAL COMPOSITION

REQUIRED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

METALLURGIC REQUIREMENT

CRACKING RISKS

OPERATION DEPTH

WELD TYPE/POSITION
 ADVANTAGES OF WET UNDER WATER
WELDING

LOW COST

OPERATION SPEED IS HIGH

LESS COSTLY THAN DRY WELDING

WELDER CAN REACH PORTION OF

OFFSHORE STRUCTURE

NO ENCLOSER ARE NEEDED

 DISADVANTAGES OF WET UNDER WATER WELDING

RAPID COOLING

INCREASE THE TENSILE STRENGTH

INCREASE HARDNESS AND POROSITY
DECREASE THE DUCTILY AND IMPACT STRENGTH

HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT

DISSOCIATION OF WATER VAPOUR IN ARC REGION

H2 GAS DISSOLVES IN HAZ
CAUSES EMBRITTLEMENT,CRACKS
CATASTROPHIC FAILURE OF STRUCTURE

POOR VISIBILITY
 DRY UNDER WATER WELDING

THE SPOT TO BE WELDING IS COVERED BY CHAMBER

TYPES

1)DRY UNDER WATER WELDING AT ONE ATMOSPHERE

(I) WORKING AREA KEPT DRY

(II)USUALLY DONE IN SUBMARINE AND PRESSURE
VESSELS
2)DRY UNDER WATER WELDING AT HYPERBARIC PRESSURE

(I)OPEN BOTTOM CHAMBER USED

(II)PRESSURE SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN
SURROUNDING
WATER PRESSURE
3)DEPENDING UPON THE SIZE OF CHAMBER
(I)FIXED CHAMBER
(II)MOVEABLE CHAMBER
 ADVANTAGES OF DRY UNDER WATER WELDING

WELDER/DRIVER SAFETY

GOOD QUALITY WELDS

SURFACE MONITORING

1)PIPE ALIGNMENT
2)JOINT PREPARATION

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

 DIS ADVANTAGES OF DRY UNDER WATER WELDING

LARGE QUANTITY OF COMPLEX EQUIPMENT

CHAMBER IS COMPLEX

COST IS HIGH AND INCREASES WITH DEPTH

 SCOPE FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

PRESENT TREND IS TOWARDS AUTOMATION

THOR-I (TIG HYPERBARIC ORBITAL ROBOT) IS DEVELOPED

DEVELOP DIVERLESS HYPERBARIC WELDING SYSTEM

AUTOMATIC ELECTRODE AND WIRE REEL CHANGING

FUNCTION USING A ROBOT ARM INSTALLED

TESTING STAGE IN DEEP WATER

FRICTION AND EXPLOSIVE WELDING ARE ALSO TESTED IN

DEEP WATER
 REFERENCES

WELDING PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY BY Dr. R. S. PARMAR.

THANK YOU