INTRODUCTION TO

ANDROID
BY ABRAR I. SOUDAGAR
(B.TECH WCE, SANGLI)
(DESIGNER,
CONNECTION LOOPS PVT. LTD, PUNE)
 CONTENTS
Why:
Open source have access to system code
All over the place dominates smartphone market
Interesting security model
A must be signed by developers
Application does not install without a valid certificate
Principle of least privilege
Permission to do something must be explicity given
Defense in depth
OS kernel iptables, selinux, sandboxing,
mandatory access control
Applications secure message passing
Users approval to release resources
ANDROID OS
Android is a software stack for touchscreen mobile devices, such as
smartphones and tablet computers.
Android Inc. was founded in 2003 to produce software for mobile phones.
A little later Google was searching for partners to establish an improved
secure/open platform for smartphones.
Google acquired Android Inc. in 2005 from Andy Rubin(Danger CEO); key
personnel continued development at Google on their OS.
Google organized a group called Open Handset Alliance (announced in
November 2007).
Google, LG U+, Samsung, T-mobile, Sony, HTC
Rapidly improving since then, particularly security
OHA
TheOpen Handset Alliance(OHA) is aconsortiumof 84
firms to developopen standardsformobile devices. Member
firms
includeGoogle,HTC,Sony,Dell,Intel,Motorola,Qualcomm,Te
xas Instruments,Samsung Electronics,LG Electronics,T-
Mobile,Sprint Corporation, Nvidia, andWind River Systems.

The OHA was established on 5 November 2007, led

byGooglewith 34 members,including mobile handset
makers,applicationdevelopers, some mobile carriers and chip
makers.Android, the flagship software of the alliance, is based
on an open-source license and has competed against mobile
platforms from
 Android interface is better than the GUI(s) which were
available in previous touch screen mobiles. In this, user can
get millions of applications(for free) that they can not get in
any other mobile operating system.

Android supports advanced audio/video/still media

formats such as HD,MPEG-4,MP3, and AAC, AMR,
JPEG, PNG, GIF.

Developing an android application is not that much tough,

using SDK(standard development kit) and java emulator one
can easily develop applications that he/she wants to.
Block
Diagra
m
Of
Androi
d
OS
 Android Versions and Features
Android is updating day by day since its release. These updates to the
base operating system mainly focusing on fixing bugs as well as adding
new features to provide more comfortable environment. Versions of
Android are:
Android 1.0 Angel Cake Android 7.0 Nougat
Android 1.1 BattenBerg
Android 1.5 Cupcake
Android 1.6 Doughnut
Android 2.0/2.1 Eclair
Android 2.2 Froyo
Android 2.3 Gingerbread
Android 3.0 HoneyComb
Android 4.0 IceCream Sandwich
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean
Android 4.4 KitKat
Android 5.0 Lollipop
Versions of Android OS
List of features Added with each revision of Android :

2.0/2.1(clair), the user interface and introduced HTML5 and

Exchange ActiveSync 2.5 support.

2.2(Froyo), which introduced speed improvements with JIT

optimization and the Chrome V8 JavaScript engine, and added Wi-
Fi hotspot tethering and Adobe Flash support

2.3(Gingerbread), which refined the user interface, improved the

soft keyboard and copy/paste features, and added support for Near
Field Communication

3.0(Honeycomb), a tablet-oriented release which supports larger

screen devices and introduces many new user interface features,
and supports multiform processors and hardware acceleration for
4.0(Ice Cream), a combination of Gingerbread and
Honeycomb into a "cohesive whole. This version had new
features added to the Smartphones Such as photo
enhancements, offline email searching, facial recognition
unlock, network data, and usage monitoring. 4.1-

4.3(JellyBean),the new focus on responsiveness with

Project Butter, Jelly Bean brings multi-user accounts,
actionable notifications, lock screen widgets, quick-
settings in the notification bar, Photosphere to the "stock"
Android camera and Google Now. Jelly Bean is hailed by
many as the turning point for Android, where all the great
services and customization options finally meet great
design guidelines.

4.4 (Kitkat), KitKat brought a lighter, flatter and far more

colorful look to Android, but many more changes were
5.0(Lollipop),Google released Android 5.0 Lollipop with the Nexus
6 and Nexus 9, and it ushered in a new design language and
support for 64-bit devices. It's also the first time Google has
provided developer beta previews of the software.

6.0 (Marshmallow),Android 6.0 gets better control over

permissions, allowing you to control what parts of your data apps
can access, rather than approve it by simply installing the app in
the first place. That's just the beginning, and features like app
linking and the new Assist

7.0 (Nougat) It came with various system level improvements like

Multi Window
New Emoji
Instant Application
Better Battery
Data Saver

Title and Content Layout with List

Android
vs
Others
VS VS
INTERFACE

Windows 10 comes with
live tile user interface that
supports transparent tile
background.

Wallpaper can follow you

without being distracted
from the front content using
transparent tile
background.

The latest version has a

notification center that
adjusts messages based on
relevant category.
 iOS 9 is having
all features that
the previous
version have,
along with more
renowned fonts,
more elegant
theme & enlarged
typography.
Has more Apps
and releases
More stable and
inherently boring

Android M is all
about the user-
friendliness of
Mobile application.

Android M becomes
heir to Lolipop by
adding the feature
of the app drawer.

Drawer shows a
more instinctive
app list by which
user can easily
FEATURES

Windows 10 arrives with multifarious, new features.

Some of the more important features are Cortana,

Microsoft edge, App store, USB support and other
hardware features.

Data syncing from mobile to PC & interchanging of

stream photos and documents are the most
significant features of Windows 10.

iOS 9 has many latest inbuilt features including
maps, messages, notes, mail, Apple pay, and Apple
music.

It comes with very small size than previous version.

So, users can get more space to install required
third-party apps.

I think Siri is the biggest feature of this version of

iOS as it is responsible for efficient response in less
time.

Another important feature like slide over, split view

and a picture in a picture makes the multitasking
better.

Android M having a significant feature based on
Google search.

Marshmallow comes with tap based Google search.

Just long press the home button for search or voice

command to start with it.

Android M is the best option in terms of customization.

There are multiple options available to customize your

device.

Google also provides developers mode first time in its

Android Marshmallow update.
Android Supported Technologies
Android Wearis a version ofGoogle'sAndroidoperating
systemdesigned forsmartwatchesand otherwearables. By pairing
withmobile phonesrunning Android version 4.3 or newer, or
iOSversion 8.2 or newer with limited support from Google's pairing
application,
Android Wear integratesGoogle Now technology and mobile
notifications into a smartwatch form factor. It also adds the ability to
download applications from theGoogle PlayStore.
Android Wear supportsBluetooth,Wi-Fi,3gandLTE
(telecommunication)connectivity, as well as a range of features and
applications. Watch face styles include round, square and
rectangular. Released devices includeMotorola Moto 360, theLG G
Watch,[14]and theSamsung Gear Live.
Android Supported Technologies
Android Wear:

Play music offline

Get GPS support
See weather
Get reminders
Track fitness
Stay connected
Voice search
Navigation system
Android TV
Android TVis asmart TVplatform developed byGoogle. Based on
theAndroid 5.0 ("Lollipop")operating systemor later, it creates
aninteractive televisionexperience through a10-foot user interface. It
was initially announced on June 25, 2014, atGoogle I/O2014 as a
successor to Google's earlier attempt at a smart TV platform, which
wasGoogle TV.
Android TV can be built both into TVs and into stand-alonedigital media
players. Users have access to theGoogle Play Storeto download Android
apps, includingmedia streamingservicesNetflixandHulu, as well as
games.The platform emphasizesvoice searchto quickly find content or to
answer queries (such as which movies were nominated for anAcademy
Awardin a specific year). The TV interface is divided vertically into three
sections: recommendations on top (which update based on viewing
habits), media apps in the middle, and games on the bottom.
Android Supported Technologies
Android TV:

Less browsing, more watching

Just say what you want to see
Google cast ready
Your remote stays with
you.
Some Limitations
Making source code available to everyone inevitably invites the
attention of hackers.
Android operating system uses more amount of battery as
compared to normal mobile phones, but the mobile manufacturers
are working on various technologies regarding battery issues.
As there are so many user sometimes it becomes difficult to
connect all the users.
As we call Android a world of applications we continuously need to
be connected with the internet which increases the threat and
requires proper security measure to be taken.