XY DNG K HOCH

GIO DC SC KHE
BS, ThS Trng Trng Hong
B mn Y c & Khoa hc hnh vi
Trng i hc Y khoa Phm Ngc Thch

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 1
Mc tiu hc tp
Bi hc gip sinh vin:
Nm c nhng nguyn tc lp k hoch
tng qut v lp k hoch gio dc sc khe
(GDSK)
Bit cch xy dng mt k hoch GDSK.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 2
 Trong vic chun b trn
nh ti lun thy rng
cc k hoch u v ch,
nhng vic lp k hoch l
cn thit.
In preparing for battle I
have always found that
plans are useless, but
planning is indispensable.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 3
Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 4
Chu trnh gio dc sc khe

1. Chn
1. Chn
4. Lng
4. Lng
on
on
gi &
gi &
cng
cng
nh gi
nh gi
ng
ng

3. Trin
3. Trin 2. Xy
2. Xy
khai thc
khai thc dng k
dng k
hin
hin hoch
hoch

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 5
Chu trnh gio dc sc khe
Lm thay i mt thi hay hnh vi ca mt
cng ng l iu khng n gin, cn phi
c thi gian v nhng bc i thch hp.
> Cn xy dng cc chng trnh GDSK ni tip
nhau, sao cho kt thc ca chng trnh ny
l c s khi u cho mt chng trnh khc
to thnh nhng chu trnh GDSK.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 6
Cc loi k hoch GDSK
K hoch 5 nm
K hoch nm
K hoch qu
K hoch thng
K hoch chin dch
K hoch tng hot ng GDSK c th.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 7
Chn on cng ng

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 8
Chn on cng ng
Cc bc:
Tm hiu v xc nh cc vn sc khe ca
cng ng
Phn tch nguyn nhn ca cc vn sc
khe
Chn vn sc khe u tin
Xc nh v tm hiu i tng ch ca
chng trnh GDSK.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 9
Xy dng k hoch GDSK

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 10
Ngi thng minh lp k hoch;
Ngi khn ngoan nm nguyn tc.
The intelligent have plans; the wise have
principles.
(Raheel Farooq)

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 11
 xy dng tt mt k hoch,
cn quan tm/tun th nhng
nguyn tc g?
5 nguyn tc trong xy dng k hoch
Theo tc gi Chris Halward c 5 nguyn tc quan
trng sau trong xy dng k hoch:
1.Xc nh mc tiu (Set goals)
Xc nh r rng, c th nhng g ta mun t
c.
2. Lm r nhng hot ng cn thc hin
(Clarify the tasks)
Danh sch cc hot ng c th ngn hoc di
nhng phi t c mc tiu.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 14
5 nguyn tc trong xy dng k hoch
3. [Nhn s] Thy c trch nhim (Agree
responsibilities)
Ngi/nhm ngi ph trch mt hot ng
no phi thy c trch nhim ca mnh.
4. Xc nh khung thi gian hp l (Schedule)
5. Khng ngng hc hi, rt kinh nghim (Learn)
D on cc tnh hung v d kin cc
phng n i ph mt cch linh hot.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 15
6 nguyn tc trong xy dng KH GDSK
1. K hoch phi c xy dng ph hp vi cc
nhu cu v hon cnh ca cng ng.
2. Phi cn nhc da trn mi quan tm ca cng
ng
3. Lp k hoch cng vi nhng ngi tham gia
thc hin
4. Xc nh v s dng tt c ngun lc sn c ca
cng ng
5. Lp k hoch phi linh hot, khng cng nhc.
6. Cc hot ng d kin phi kh thi.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 16
Ni dung ca mt k hoch GDSK
Xp li th t cc mc ca k hoch GDSK sau
1. D kin k hoch lng gi chng trnh
2. t vn
3. Mc tiu chuyn bit
4. Ni dung truyn thng
5. Mc tiu tng qut
6. Tin hot ng ca chng trnh (u ra)
7. i tng
8. Phng php v phng tin truyn thng
9. D tr nhn lc, vt t, phng tin, kinh ph cho
mi hot ng v cho ton b k hoch (u vo)

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 17
Xy dng k hoch
Ni dung ca mt k hoch GDSK:
1) t vn
2) Mc tiu tng qut
3) i tng
4) Mc tiu chuyn bit
5) Ni dung truyn thng
6) Phng php v phng tin truyn thng
7) Tin hot ng ca chng trnh (u ra)
8) D tr nhn lc, vt t, phng tin, kinh ph cho
mi hot ng v cho ton b k hoch (u vo)
9) D kin k hoch lng gi chng trnh

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 18
Xy dng k hoch
Mt s ghi ch:
i vi cc chng trnh GDSK tc ng trn
mt phm vi rng c rt nhiu i tng th
phn i tng c th ghp chung trong phn
mc tiu chuyn bit.
Phn Ni dung c th lng ghp vo cc hot
ng.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 19
Xy dng k hoch
1) t vn
Tm tt cc ni dung chnh ca phn tm hiu
cng ng bao gm:
Tnh hnh sc khe ca cng ng, cc vn
sc khe pht hin
Vn sc khe u tin v l do chn
Hnh vi sc khe no cn xy dng hoc thay
i.
Nhng cn c ch o ca cp trn.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 20
Xy dng k hoch
2) Mc tiu tng qut/Mc ch
Mc ch l nhng kt qu mun t c
ca chng trnh
Cch vit mc ch:
Mc ch chng trnh ny nhm gip ngi
dn nhn thc c...,
bit/bit cch
v thc hin vic
lm gim.../ tng...

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 21
Xy dng k hoch
V d: chng trnh nhm gio dc ngi dn
bit cch phng v x tr tiu chy lm gim
t l t vong v mt nc do khng bit ung b
nc khi tiu chy.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 22
Xy dng k hoch
3) i tng
Xc nh v m t i tng chnh v ph ca
chng trnh da vo nhng thng tin thu thp
trong giai on chn on cng ng.
i tng chnh (i tng phi c): l nhng
ngi c tc ng trc tip v quyt nh n vn
sc khe, thng l ngi c hnh vi c hi
cho sc khe.
i tng ph (i tng nn c, c th tt): l
nhng thnh vin khc c tc ng n i tng
chnh nhng mc khc nhau.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 23
Xy dng k hoch
V d: Trong chng trnh lm gim t l tr em
di 5 tui b tiu chy
i tng chnh: b m c con di 5 tui.
i tng ph nn c: cha ca tr, ng b ni
ngoi.
i tng c th tt: nhng ngi c uy tn
trong cng ng.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 24
Xy dng K hoch
4) Mc tiu c th/chuyn bit
Mc tiu chuyn bit trong chng trnh
GDSK l nhng g m i tng ch cn bit,
ngh, hoc lm c sau chng trnh (kin
thc, thi , thc hnh).
Mc tiu chuyn bit chnh l c s lng
gi chng trnh.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 25
Xy dng K hoch
Xcnh cc mc tiu chuyn bit bao gm
cc yu t:
i tng (Ai?)
Thay i iu g (Ci g?)
Mc no ( no?)
Thi gian cn thit (Bao lu?).

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 26
Xy dng k hoch
SMART (sc so)
Chuyn bit (Specific): Kin thc g , Thi g,
Hnh vi g
o c c (Measurable): Ch s (Ch bo)

Kh thi (Attainable): Khng qu cao

Thch hp (Relevant): Khng qu thp, cn c
vo hin trng v kh nng hin c
Theo di c (Timeframe/Trackable): C th
theo di c trong qu trnh thc hin chng
trnh.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 27
V d 1
Trong vng 6 thng, 75% nhng ngi ht
thuc l ti nh (ch yu l nam) trong s
150.000 h gia nh Thnh ph Hi phng
khng ht thuc gn v, con v nhng ngi
khng ht thuc l khc trong gia nh.
(Chng trnh truyn thng thay i hnh vi ht
thuc l trong nh, TP.Hi Phng)

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 28
V d 2
Tng t l ngi dn c hiu bit ng phng
chng bnh khng ly nhim (tng trung bnh
5%/nm);
v gim cc hnh vi nguy c mc bnh khng
ly nhim gm ht thuc, lm dng ru bia,
ch n khng hp l v thiu vn ng th
lc (gim trung bnh 3%/nm)
(K hoch thc hin Chng trnh hnh ng
Truyn thng gio dc sc khe
giai on 2011-2015, tnh Kon Tum)

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 29
Xy dng k hoch
5) Ni dung truyn thng
Xy dng ni dung cc thng ip cn truyn t
da trn:
Mc tiu GDSK xc nh
Kt qu tm hiu KABP i tng
Ni dung gm:
Thng tin chnh: chuyn bit, c th, nht thit
phi c t mc tiu
Thng tin b sung: h tr tc ng ca thng tin
chnh.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 30
Xy dng k hoch

Thng tin chnh Thng tin b sung

- i tng cn bit
g?

- i tng cn ngh
g gip thay i
hnh vi?

- i tng phi lm
g?

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 31
Xy dng k hoch
6) Phng php & Phng tin truyn thng
C th chn:
Phng php & phng tin truyn thng
chnh:
tn c nhiu ngi trong nhm i
tng ch, thng l phng tin c i
tng ch a thch v c iu kin tip cn
m nhn phn ct li ca cc thng ip cn

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 32
Xy dng k hoch
Phng php & phng tin truyn thng ph:
h tr thng ip ca phng tin truyn thng
chnh, c th a thm thng tin b sung hoc
nhn mnh mt c bit no .

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 33
Xy dng k hoch
7)Tin hot ng ca chng trnh
Da trn ni dung v phng php phng tin
chn la xc nh c th cc hot ng v thi
hn hon thnh theo trnh t hp l t mc tiu
D kin k hoch th nghim v sn xut cc ti
liu phng tin truyn thng (loi ti liu no c
th t lm? loi no cn h tr ca tuyn hng
tr? ai lm? lm vi ai?)
D kin k hoch hun luyn nhng ngi tham gia
chng trnh GDSK (hun luyn ai? v vn g?)

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 34
Xy dng k hoch
Lch tin thc hin
Lp lch tin thc hin nhm:
To iu kin thun li theo di vic
thc hin v kim tra cc hot ng
nh gi kp thi kh nng hon thnh

cc hot ng ra cc bin php

iu chnh kp thi.

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 35
 Xy dng k hoch
Hot ng Thng

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- Thu thp thng tin ---------

- Sn xut ti liu -----------

..........................

- Hun luyn ---------

..........................
- Hot ng truyn thng --------------------
.

- Lng gi ---

S Gantt Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 36

Xy dng k hoch
8) D tr nhn lc, vt t, phng tin, kinh
ph cho mi hot ng v cho ton b k
hoch (u vo)
A: Ai lm?
B: Bao gi lm?
C: Ci g? Cch no?
D: Bao nhiu ng?

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 37
Xy dng k hoch

Ni dung Thi gian Nhn s Phng Kinh ph

hot ph tin
ng trch
B C D
C A

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 38
Xy dng k hoch
9) D kin k hoch lng gi chng trnh
Lng gi khi no?
Ai thu thp x l d liu?
Thu thp thng tin bng cch no?
X l v phn tch ra sao?
Ai cn bit kt qu lng gi iu chnh v
thc y chng trnh?

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 39
Ti liu tham kho
Chris Halward. The principles of planning. Ti v ngy
28/8/2013 t http://www.truenorthgb.com/management-
tips/principles-of-planning
LabSpace-The Open University. Health Education, Advocacy
and Community Mobilisation-Study Session 12 Planning Health
Education Programmes. Ti v ngy 28/8/2013 t
http://labspace.open.ac.uk/file.php/6714/!
via/oucontent/course/3426/alternatives/x-heacmp2s14.doc
Nhiu tc gi. Ti liu hun luyn v Gio dc sc khe v
Nng cao sc khe. Trung tm Truyn thng-Gio dc sc
khe, 2003.
Trn Hu Trinh. Bi ging v xy dng k hoch gio dc sc
khe. 2007

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 40
Chc cc em lun
khe, vui & hc tt

Mn GDSK Lp Y5 NK 2015-2016 41