SEMINAR LAB

DIESEL HYDROTREAING UNIT (DHT)

 INTRODUCTION
Hydrotreating formally known as hydrodesulfurization
(HDS) is an established refinery process used on natural
gas and refined petroleum for reducing Sulphur,
nitrogen and aromatics which are major cause of
pollution while enhancing cetane number, density and
smoke point using hydrogen.

[6]
 OVERVIEW
Fuel Extravagant use of fuels unprecedent
ed surge in
powered (like petrol and diesel) the
machines
Diesel Most
: used fuel consumptio
Fuel

Emission inc.
n of fuels
Consumption: 3.6 MBPD
High sulfur emission [3]
Introduction of serious
DHT NAAQS and environmenta
For more Emission l & pollution
complete sulfur standards (Euro control
removal emission/ Bharat problem
 OVERVIEW

Figure-1: DIESEL EMISSION NORMS

 HISTORY
In the year 1897 the property of finely divided nickel to catalyze the fixation of hydrogen on
hydrocarbon (ethylene, benzene) double bonds was discovered by the French chemist Paul
Sabatier.
He found that unsaturated hydrocarbons in the vapor phase could be converted into saturated
hydrocarbons by using hydrogen and a catalytic metal, laying the foundation of the modern
catalytic hydrogenation process.
In the mid-1950s with the help of Sabatiers work it was found that hydrogen could also by used
to remove impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen in the presence of catalyst from petroleum and
natural gas mixtures
At the same time, the catalytic hydrodesulfurization of the refined petroleum feed was also
commercialized. In the decades that followed many unit for hydrodesulfurization where installed
through out the globe in various refinery with then name of DHDS units (Diesel
hydrodesulfurization units)
Not more than a decade a ago these DHDS units are replaced by new and advance DHT unit
which not only removes sulfur but also treats the fuel to improve its quality (like cetane no,
density, color etc.) [10]
Simplified block diagram of DHT process units

Product Naphtha

Product Kerosene
Hydrogen
Product Diesel
S<5 ppm
Lean amine
AAG
DHT Rich amine ARU

Molten
Sulphur 99.8%
Diesel feed SRU
(unrefined) Sour water
SWG
Sulfur Recovery
Stripped SWS
water
 CHEMISTRY
Sulfur Removal
C-C-C-C-C-C-SH + H2 ------> C-C-C-C-C-C +H2S

Nitrogen Removal

(Pyridine) C5H5N + 5H2 -------> C-C-C-C-C + NH3

Metals Removal
Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, phosphorous &
Silicon
Aromatic Saturation
C6H6 + 3H2 ------> C6H12
Olefin Saturation
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + H2 ------> 2 CH3-CH2-CH3
 DHT Process Units

DHT Process Units Reactor

:
Separation System
Heat Recovery System

Operating conditions
Temperature: 290 to 425C (550 to 800F)

Pressure: 35 to 92 kg/cmg (500 to 1300

psig)
Catalyst used: Solid catalyst (nickel or cobalt and molybdenum impregnated
on an alumina base. )
HYT2117 HYT2118 HYT2018 HYT2119
PROCESS
 Reactor Section
T: 82 Make up
P: 64.6 H2

T:316 T: 349
Combined P: 78.6 P:73.1
C- MGC
Feed 1002A/B
T: 49

Quench
Heater
P: 65.7
BED-I T: 46
BED-
3- pass P: 65.73
III RGC
T: 278 Lean
P: 83.9 Recator-1
C-1001 #9 Amine
BED-II Reactor-2

T: 92 Recycle gas
F-
1001 P: D- Scrubber
T: 357 T: 366 90.8 T-
1006
P: 75.6 P:73.1 1001
T:358
P: 87.6 E-1002 &
1006 Rich D-
1009
Amine
P: 1.76 AFC-1001 T: 50
Feed T: 265 T: 40
Sour P: 65.9 P: 3.5
Surge
Diesel Drum E-
D- E-
1008
1005
1002
& Separato
Separator T:55 To Flash
P: 66.3
1003 D- r Drum
1003
T: 111 To Flash Drum
P: 105
Wash
P- water To Flash Drum
1001
 Fractionation Section
Sour Fuel Gas INHIBITOR
T: 36 Naphtha
INJECTION
P: 7
T: 145
Fuel Gas P: 0.84

#37
#42
Lean T: 226 S
#33
Amine # 20 P: 13.1 t T-1004

Product Fractionator
Strippe
r
Off Gas
i
Scrubbe T: 181

r
p P:
r T-1002 T: 40 0.98
P: p
T-1003 T: 189
#10
Rich P: 1
Amine
27.1 e Kerosene Stripper
T-1005
T: 254 r T: 40
E-1004 P: 10.3
T: 40 P: 2.8
P: 27.1 T: 250 Kerosene

Steam
P: 1.7
HP T: 317
From Separator

T:58 P: 1.1
P: 27.5
Flash Prod.
T: 57 Drum Fract-

T: 282
P: 1.1
P: 27.5 Reboiler
D-
1004 T: 59 F-1002 (4-pass)
P: 15.2
T: 283 T:45Product Diesel
P: 10.3 P: 5
Sour Water T:58 AFC-
P: 5 1003
 UTILITIES FOR DHT UNIT

Sr.no Main Utility Uses

1
Sea/fresh cooling water For cooling purpose

For cooling purpose

2 Bearing cooling water

3 VHP steam Mainly for stripping purpose

Mainly for steam tracing and
4 LP steam jacketing
purpose
Recycled back for steam
5 Condensate
generation

6 Fuel gas or Fuel oil Mainly in furnaces.

 HEALTH AND SAFTY ANALYSIS
Production of large amount of H2S
Highly toxic, explosive, highly flammable, explosive gas
Can result in reparatory problems, skin diseases, paralyses and even death
High temperature surfaces
Flammable and explosive mixtures
Prevention
Use of sensitive gas detectors
Water shower and flushes at leak prone areas Permits
Proper safety gear and regulations
MAIN OBJECTIVE
DHT-ARU
The process objective of the ARU is to regenerate rich amine
streams and resend lean amine to respective units.

DHT-SWS

The process objective of SWS is to treat sour water streams from

DHT/ARU/SRU.
DHT-SRU
The process objective of the SRU is to convert the sulfur species
present in the feed stream i.e. acid gas from ARU and sour gas from
SWS , to elemental sulfur.

The SRU is designed for a minimum sulfur recovery of 99.8% from

the feed gas.
EXTRA
 SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM OF ARU

Acid Gas to SRU

Off gas to flare

Reflux
40 C
drum
P: 5 Kg/cm2g
Rich Amine T: 52 C Rich Amine
Flash Drum 100 C
1.1 Kg/cm2 g
40 C

P: 0.5 Kg/cm2g
T: 55 C
P: 4.3 Kg/cm2g Amine
T: 111 C regenerator
Reboiler

Amine
129 C
tank

72 c Lean amine 45 c To units

19.3 kg/cm2g 13.5 kg/cm2g
 SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM FOR
SWSU

Sour Gas to SRU

Sour Water from units
P: 3.5 Kg/cm2g
T: 40 C P: 1 Kg/cm2g
T: 92 C
SWS Surge
Drum

P: 6.1 Kg/cm2g
P: 7.13 Kg/cm2g Sour
T: 95 C
T: 43 C 65 C
water
Stripper
38 trays

P: 10.67 Kg/cm2g
T: 124 C
P: 7.5 Kg/cm2g
Stripped water to T: 68 C
DHT unit /IETP
P: 1.2 Kg/cm2g
T: 124 C
 SIMPLIFIED DHT-SRU Block Flow
Diagram
Acid gas to
DHDS-SRU NNF

T G C U R e c y c l e
Acid gas from
DHDS-ARU

Acid gas Sulfur

Acid gas
DHT-ARU
scrubber Recovery Sulphur Degassing
Train-1 Train-1
(SRU-1) (SDU-1)
Atmos.

Tail Gas Tail Gas

clean-up Thermal
unit Oxidation
(TGCU) (TTO)
Sour gas to
DHDS-SRU NNF

Sour gas from Sulphur

DHDS-SWS
storage/
loading
Sulfur
Sour gas
Sour gas Recovery Sulphur
DHT-SWS scrubber Train-2 Degassing Train-2
(SRU-2) (SDU-2)
Conclusion
DHT is a revolutionary technology which can be used to reduce
impurities and improve the quality of diesel for commercial scale
production.

It can be used as an effective method for sulfur reduction from fuels

used in India and meet both Bharath emission and Euro emission
norm. Its application and adaptions in modern Indian refineries like
HPCL, IOCL etc. farther strengthen and supports this conclusion
 REFERENCES
1. Hydrodesulfurisation of diesel on slurry reactor
2. Integrated design of diesel hydrotreating processes _ Megan Jobson
- Academia_3
3. Hydroprocessing_4
4. RevampingDieselHydrotreaters_ULS_IsoTherming
5. Diesel Hydrodesulfurisation (DHDS)/ Diesel Hydrotreating (DHT) an
overview IOCL
6. http://www.shell.com/business-customers/global-solutions/refinery-te
chnology-licensing/hydrotreating.html
)
7. DHT SRU_Overview
8. New_design_approaches_to_ultra-clean_diesel_fuel
9. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hydrogensulfide/hazards.html
10.wikipedia
THANK YOU