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Unsteady
Unsteady
Unsteady
1
Unsteady Flow
Presented by:
Momentum Equation:
Q ( Q /A) gA( h ) 0
2
t x x S o S f
Continuity Equation:
Q + A = 0
x t
Feb 2003 HEC-RAS Version 3. 5
Steady Flow Equations
( Q2 /A)
+ gA( h - So + S f ) = 0
x x
Continuity Equation:
Q = VA
X = distance, feet
t = time, seconds 1,2 2,2
1,1 x 2,1
Conv. Channel
690
Conv. Valley
Conv. Total
Elevation (ft)
680
Storage
670
660
650
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Conveyance/1000 (cfs) Storage (cu ft)
Manning Equation
1/2
Q = K Sf
K = Conveyance
Sf = friction/energy slope
Feb 2003 HEC-RAS Version 3. 19
Conveyance Calculations
n1 n2 nch n3
A1 P1 A2 P2 Ach Pch A3 P3
Klob = K1 + K 2 Krob = K3
Kch
Objectives:
Know boundary condition options
Know initial condition requirements
Sources of data for both
Unsteady Flow Data
External Boundaries required
Upstream and Downstream ends of the river
Typically flow or stage hydrograph upstream
Typically rating or normal depth downstream
Enter in Table
Select time interval
Select start date/time
Enter flow data - or
cut & paste
Stage
Model Accuracy
Model Stability
Factors Affecting Accuracy and Stability
Cross section spacing
Computational time step selection
Practical delta t, hydrograph rise time / 20
Common Stability Problems
Detecting Stability Problems
Model Sensitivity
Feb 2003 HEC-RAS Version 3. 49
Model Accuracy
Accuracy can be defined as the degree of closeness
of the numerical solution to the true solution.