Modeling and Analysis of

Elevated Skid Mounted High Speed Compressor Structure

GT STRUDL Users Group

Presentation
Atlanta, GA June 24-26,2009
Jonathan Guan, P.E.

Houston, Texas
Jonathan.guan@jacobs.com 832-351-6847
Modeling and Analysis of
Elevated Skid Mounted High Speed Compressor Structure

Topic Outline

Design Overview
Preliminary Design
Dynamic Properties
Geometry Modeling
Dynamic Analysis
Beyond Moores Law
Design Overview

Project Assignment:
To Design a Recycle Compressor with:

Power: 10,000 HP
Speed: 7,242 to 11,522 rpm
Equipment Weight
Compressor: 30.8 Kips
Steam turbine: 54.0 Kips
Skid: 31.3 Kips
Piping: 6.0 Kips
Total Machine + Skid WT = 122 Kips
Design Overview

Study
Design Data

Study Soil Report

Start Request for More

Preliminary Design Geotech./Vendor Info

Generate Derive Create

Dynamic Impedance Excitation Force Geometry Model

Perform
Dynamic Analysis

No Fine Tune
Check Criteria Foundation Geometry

Yes

Detail Design
Foundation
Design Overview

Design Criteria:

The basic goal in the

design of a machine
foundation is to limit its
motion to amplitudes
that neither endanger
the satisfactory
operation of the
machine nor disturb
people working in the
immediate vicinity.
(Gazetas 1983)
 Preliminary Design

Purpose:
To initialize the
foundation dimension
and arrange columns
To create the finite
element model for
dynamic analysis

Based on:
Rule of thumbs
Vendor data
Soil Report
Piping layout
Modeling Tool:
Other Software May Be
Used to Create the
Model.
 Preliminary Design

FrameWorks
Model: Steam Turbine-
Compressor Skid.

Steam
Condenser
Preliminary Design

Using FrameWorks 3D model to obtain the

foundation center of gravity:
 Preliminary Design

Concrete Foundation Only

Equipments + Foundation
Dynamic Properties

Dynamic Equilibrium Equation:

M X C X K X F (t )
In Veletsos Model, the Dynamic Impedance Expressed as:

I K s k d (a0 ) ia0 cd (a0 )

Mode Vertical Horizontal Rocking Torsion

Static Spring 4Gv Rv 8Gh Rh 8Gr Rr

3
3
Kv Kh Kr 16Gt Rt
Constants 31 Kt
1 2 3
Dynamic
Impedance
K v k v ia 0 cv K h k h ia 0 ch K r k r ia 0 c r K t k t ia 0 ct
Dynamic Properties

The classic single lumped mass machine-foundation-soil system

with circular foundation on elastic half-space summarized by
Richart, Woods, Hall (1970):
Motion Spring Constant Reference
4G R
Vertical Ky Timoshenko & Goodier (1951)
1
32(1 )GR
Horizontal Kx Bycroft (1956)
7 8
8GR 3
Rocking K rz Borowicka (1943)
31
16
Torsion K ry G R3 Reissner & Sagoci (1944)
3

A Frequency Independent Model, Applied for 0 < a0 <1.0

a0: Dimensionless frequency.
Dynamic Properties

Dimensionless frequency, a0

R
a0
Vs

Where:
: machine speed equipment;
R: foundation radius foundation;
Vs: shear wave speed soil.
Dynamic Properties

Dynamic Stiffness: Dynamic Damping:

K k s k d (a0 ) C k s c d ( a0 ) a0

Dynamic Ratio:
k s cd a0 a0
C / Ccr
Ccr
Critical Damping:

Ccr 2 K M (translational) Ccr 2 K I (rotational)

 Dynamic Properties

Veletsos Model Dynamic Stiffness and Damping Coefficients:

b1 to b4 in expression above are dimensionless functions of . Given by Veletsos for

different type of soils.
Dynamic Properties

Veletsos Model, kx & cx

to Frequency Relation
in Horizontal Mode:

cx is independent of a , 0

or the frequency.

kx in sandy soil is kind of

sensitive to a , or the
0

frequency.
Dynamic Properties

Veletsos Model, k & c

to Frequency Relation
in Rocking Mode:

c is independent of a , 0

or the frequency.

k in clay soil is very

sensitive to a , or the
0

frequency.
Dynamic Properties

Veletsos Model, kz & cz

to Frequency Relation
In Vertical Mode:

cz is independent of a , 0

or the frequency.

kz in clay soil is very

sensitive to a , or the
0

frequency.
Dynamic Properties

Dynamic Stiffness and Damping Coefficients:

Dynamic Properties

At The Speed: f = 7242 Hz:

Dynamic Properties

At The Speed: f = 11522 Hz:

Changes less
than 0.2%

Changes less
than 0.2% .
Dynamic Properties

Equivalent Foundation Radius:

(The Original Veletsos Studies Was on Circular, Massless Disk)

Dynamic Properties

Evaluation of Static Stiffness of Circular Footing on Inhomogeneous

Half-space (Werkle and Waas):
Seismic Downhole Survey
Seismic Downhole Survey

P-Wave: S-Wave:
Seismic Downhole Survey
Seismic Downhole Survey

To Determine Soil Moduli from in-situ testing data:

G Vs2 / g

For soils that are not close to saturation, can be obtained:

V /V 2
p s
2

2 V / V 1
2
p s

Empirical Correlations for Vs (Imai 1977):

Vs 91N 0.337
N, standard penetration number, however, the reliability of
such relations is very low, and they should only be used, if
necessary, for preliminary when seismic survey is not done.
Seismic Downhole Survey
Dynamic Properties
Dynamic Properties

Dynamic Unbalance Forces:

The Dynamic Equilibrium Equation: GTSTRUDL Harmonic Load Command:

MY CY KY F (t )
F (t ) M a S f Sin(t )
W
e 2 S f Sin(t )
g
W
eS f 2 Sin(t )
g
A 2 Sin(t )

Where:
The amplitude of a harmonic forcing function of
Sf = 2.0, service factor for the Harmonic Loading Condition in GTSTRUDL:
centrifugal compressor. f A 2 B C
f A 2 (B = C = 0)
Dynamic Properties

Industrial Standard:
ISO 1940 G2.5 API 617 for
for Turbo-Compressor Centrifugal Compressor

e 0.1(in / s ) e f 0 0.25(in / m)
e = 0.1/ e = 0.25/f0
= 0.1/(2x200) = 0.25/(12,000 rpm)
= 8.0x10-5(in) =2.0x10-5(in)
For Compressor Foundation For New Equipment Testing
Design (For Equipment Vendor)
Dynamic Properties

Calculating Amplitude of Harmonic Force:

Wr
Equipment Rotor Weight A e S f
g
2922 8.0 10 5
Compressor 2922 lbm 2.0 1.2 10 3
32.0 12
1175 8.0 10 5
Steam-Turbine 1175 lbm 2.0 4.8 10 4
32.0 12

UNIT LBS FEET SEC CYCLE

HARMONIC LOADING 2 'FREQUENCY FROM 7,000RPM TO 12,000RPM-IN PHASE'
JOINT LOAD SIN FREQ FROM 120.0 TO 200.0 AT 1.0
1 2 FORCE Y A 0.00024 PHASE 0.0
3 4 FORCE Y A 0.00060 PHASE 0.0
$
1 2 FORCE X A 0.00024 PHASE 0.0
3 4 FORCE X A 0.00060 PHASE 0.0
END OF HARMONIC LOAD
$
Geometry Modeling

Tabletop with Skid Finite Element Modeling:

Tabletop mass Plate elements

c.g. elevation
Compressor continuity violation
skid
How to Set the
Elevation?

The dilemma of
modeling to accurate
mass elevation or
column length?

Model with Plates and Beams

Geometry Modeling
Why Foundation Modeled as Linear Instead of
Nonlinear Elastic ?
For the small strains (less than about 0.005%)
usually induced in the soil by a properly designed
machine foundation, shear deformations are the
result of particle destortion rather than sliding and
rolling between particles, such deformation is
almost linearly elastic.
Physically Similar
to Shock Absorber
Maxwell Model For Vibration of
Viscoelastic Foundation
STATUS SUPPORT JOINT -
1029 TO 1041 BY 2 1042 TO 1054 BY 2 -
1085 TO 1097 BY 2 1098 TO 1110 BY 2 -
1141 TO 1153 BY 2 1154 TO 1166 BY 2 -
1197 TO 1209 BY 2 1210 TO 1222 BY 2 -
1253 TO 1265 BY 2 1266 TO 1278 BY 2 -
1309 TO 1321 BY 2 1322 TO 1334 BY 2 -
1365 TO 1377 BY 2 1378 TO 1390 BY 2 -
1421 TO 1433 BY 2 1434 TO 1446 BY 2
.
JOINT RELEASES MOMENT X Y Z
1029 TO 1041 BY 2 1042 TO 1054 BY 2 -
1085 TO 1097 BY 2 1098 TO 1110 BY 2 -
1141 TO 1153 BY 2 1154 TO 1166 BY 2 -
1197 TO 1209 BY 2 1210 TO 1222 BY 2 -
1253 TO 1265 BY 2 1266 TO 1278 BY 2 -
1309 TO 1321 BY 2 1322 TO 1334 BY 2 -
1365 TO 1377 BY 2 1378 TO 1390 BY 2 -
1421 TO 1433 BY 2 1434 TO 1446 BY 2
FORCE X Z KFY 720 DAMPING 0.70
$
JOINT RELEASES MOMENT X Y Z
3102 TO 3112 BY 2 3115 TO 3127 BY 2 -
FORCE X Y KFZ 12960 DAMPING 0.4
$
JOINT RELEASES MOMENT X Y Z
2020 TO 2568 BY 56 2652 TO 3100 BY 56 -
FORCE Y Z KFX 10080 DAMPING 0.40
Geometry Modeling

Dynamic Stiffness and Damping Distribution:

Geometry Modeling

Convert Skid Beam, W18X97 to a

Modulus of Elasticity Equivalent Solid y
Element:

W18X97 Properties:
Ix = 1910 in4 x
x
Iy = 220 in4 A = 28.5 in2

Equation shall satisfy:

EsIsx = EeIex (1)
y
(Stiffness in y-y is not critical)
Es I sx 29,000 1910
Ee 9,500ksi
I ex 1218 3 / 12

Note:

E of Filled Epoxy Grout can be ignored. Its only 1/3 of Regular concrete.
Geometry Modeling

Skid Modeled in Solid Elements:

Converted Steel
Frame Elements

Filled Grout
Elements

Exhaust
Opening
Dynamic Analysis

Mode Shape:
Mode: 56
Freq: 146.7 c/sec.
As expected, one of the
typical mode shape
shows that the table top
remain rigid while large
deflection observed at
columns and base slab.
The vibrating energy has
been absorbed by the
columns and base slab.
Dynamic Analysis

Velocity (in vertical Y) vs

Frequency, Out of Phase
Load Case.
Machine frequency
range: 120 cps to 200
cps.
Max vertical velocity
found at joint 101,
Vy=0.032 in/sec, within
the Very Good range.
Dynamic Analysis

Acceleration (in X dir.)

vs Frequency, Out of
Phase Load Case.
The criteria to make
sure machine parts at
attachment point not
overstressed.
Max Horizontal
Acceleration found at
joint 8128, ax=60.0
in/sec2, < 0.2g.
Beyond Moores Law

Multiple Core
Processors
Beyond Moores Law

GTSTRUDL Job Monitoring on a

Intel Duo Core CPU at 1.86Ghz

CPU No. 1
Fully Occupied
by GTSTRUDL

CPU No. 2
Not Reached by
GTSTRUDL
Beyond Moores Law

Finite Element
Dimension Limit:
It is usually recommended
that the maximum
dimension of an element
should not exceed /8 (G.
Gazetas).
=V/f
=762ft/s/[120, 192](c/s)
=[4,6.35]
/8=[0.5, 0.8].
Try: Element with
Horizontal Dimension: 1x1
Resulting the Tabletop with
4373 solid elements;
7024 joints;
21,000 DOF.
Beyond Moores Law

Dynamic System Solution Implement Comparison:

Dynamic Model Consist of 4373 solid elements and 7024 joints, about 21,000 degree of freedoms.
Max. Velocity and Acceleration Calculated with the Compressor Speed from 120 200 cycle/sec. at
1.0 cycle/sec. step.

GTSTRUDL V29.0 Dynamic Speed Report for the Design Example

Time to Solve
Large Problem Size GTSELANCZOS Total CPU Time
Eigenproblem

X X 11 Min. 8 Sec. 26 Min. 8 Sec.

X 2 Min. 13 sec. 6 Min. 14 Sec.

43.8 Sec. 4 Min. 25 Sec.

 Modeling and Analysis of
Elevated Skid Mounted High Speed Compressor Structure

QUESTIONS?

Jonathan Guan, P.E.

Jacobs Engineering
Houston, Texas
Jonathan.guan@jacobs.com 832-351-6847