Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Individual & Organisational Behaviour
Individual & Organisational Behaviour
Behaviour
Factors influencing human behaviour
Environment Economic employment levels, wage rates, economic
al factors outlook, technological change
Social Norms work ethic, achievement need, values
Political ideology, effect upon economy
Personal Age performance, turnover, absenteeism,
factors productivity
Sex / Marital Status differences in abilities,
responsibility
Education expectations
Abilities intellectual, physical, creative
Organisation Facilities physical and operational
systems Structure & Design - where do I fit in
Leadership how am I being led?
Reward systems
Psychologica Personality
l Perception
Attitudes & Values
Learning
OB Model
Personality
Perception Individual
Learning Behaviour
Attitudes & Values
Motivation
Group Dynamics
Leadership Group Organisational
Power & Politics Behaviour Effectiveness
Communication
Conflict
Culture
HR Policies & Practices
Work Stress Organisation
Organisational change &
development
Behaviour Models
Rational & Emotional models
Individual is like an intelligent computer, very rational VS
Trait Theories
A trait is an enduring attribute
Traits are reactions, not something a person possesses
Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud mind is like an iceberg
Conscious vs unconscious experience
Id, ego, superego
Id, Ego, Superego -
Iceberg
Id
innate, inherited part of personality
Raw, animalistic, unorganised, knows no laws, obeys no rules
Expresses the primary principle of human life the
immediate satisfaction of psychic energy (libido) produced
by animal drives (aggression, sex)
Immediate tension reduction pleasure principle
Ego
Mental images do not satisfy needs
Reality must be considered
Controlled / directed id
Superego
System of values, norms, ethics and attitudes which are
reasonable compatible with society
Strives for perfection
Personality Theories
(contd)
Social Learning Theory
Much of human behaviour is either learnt or modified by
learning
Through learning, one acquires knowledge, language,
attitudes, values, manual skills, fears, traits, self-insight
Learning through reinforcement; through observing others
High focus on the situation
Humanistic Theory
An emphasis on mans potential for self-direction and
freedom of choice
Emphasis on the here and now
Emphasis on the positive nature of man
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
The shaping of personality
Freudian stages
Environment
Socialisation process
Situational considerations