Irrigation

Definition
Objectives
Irrigations Methods
 Definition
Artificially application of water
according to situation in the soil
usually for assisting in growing
crops ,to protect plants against frost
and helps to suppress weed growing
in rice.
Irrigation is also term used in
medicine/dental field.
 Objectives
o Improved crop yields
o Improved irrigation efficiency
o Reduce operation and
maintenance(O&M) cost
o Improved recovery of O&M cost
o Improved financial sustainability
o Reduction of environment degradation
o Develop new organ ,food digestion
Irrigations Methods
Surface Irrigation
Just flooding water. About 90% of the irrigated
areas in the world are by this mehod.Water is
applied to field in either the controlled or
uncontrolled manner.
I. Controlled: Water is applied from the head
ditch and guided by corrugation ,furrow
,border , or ridges.
II. Uncontrolled: Wild flooding
Surface irrigation is entirely practiced where
water is abundant.
Types of surface irrigation
There are four types of surface irrigation
1)Furrow irrigation:
In Furrow Irrigation , only a part of land surface is
wetted thus minimizing evaporation losses and
it adapted for row crops using small irrigation
streams.
2)Basin irrigation:
In this method water is flooded in wider areas . In
basin irrigation a very high stream size introduce
for rapid movement . The area is normally flat.
 Continu
3)Border irrigation system:
In this system , the field is divided up into
strips by parallel ridges and strips is irrigated
separately by introducing water upstream
and progressively covers the entire strips . It
is suited for crops that can withstand flooding
for short time e.g. wheat.
4)Flooding:
It is uncontrolled method of surface irrigation
system.
 Sub-surface irrigation
Flooding water underground and
allowing it to come up by capillarity
to crop roots.
 Sprinkler irrigation
Applying water under pressure.About
5% of the irrigated areas are by this
method.
 Drip or Trickle irrigation
Applying water slowly to the soil
ideally at the same rate with crop
consumption.