Digital Electronics

Timing Diagrams
And
Applications of Logic Circuits
By N. Emmanuel
What is a timing Diagram?
Resembles a set of Square waves, each
sitting on its x-axis.
Together they illustrate ALL logic states
of ALL inputs and The output over a
period of time.
Both Logic states 1 and 0 are
represented.
They are used for ANALYSING Logic
Circuits
To determine operation.
To determine logic states at various stages
 The Clock Pulse
The Basic Clock Pulse
A voltage applied for a very short time period.
V/V

Each pulse is of fixed Amplitude t/s

Pulse Amplitude = 5V (ie the standard)
Each pulse = Logic 1
No pulse = Logic 0
Pulse Rate set by CPU Clock frequency
[eg. f = 1.2GHz for some new cellphones]
Pulse width is determined by purpose for which pulse
is required. [eg For CPU clock at 1.2GHz, T= 0.8ns, pulse width is <
0.8ns]
 The Timing Diagram
Circuit Diagram

I
2

I
Truth Table 1

Timing
Diagram
Rule: 1. Form the Truth Table for the circuit. (use your knowledge of Logic Gates)
2. Draw the Timing Diagram using a Pulse for EACH logic 1 and a Space
for EACH Logic 0.
(show ALL inputs and Main Output ONLY)
 The Timing Diagram
Timing diagram for a Sequential Circuit
Use of the CPU Clock to trigger a Sequence of
changes in a NB
circuit
The arrow shows that the circuit
responds to the change from logic
1 to logic 0. ..ie Negative trigger.
Test yourself.
Draw the Timing Diagram for the
following circuit.

Its Truth Table

The Timing
Diagram
 Applications of Logic
Circuits
We live in the digital age.
All modern devices, Appliances and
machines use digital logic circuits.
The logical operation of these circuits
render them suitable in control situations
They have memory
They are predictable
Relatively cheap
Easy to assemble
Very small packaging ie the IC
 Real World Solutions

The solenoid lock opens a door when it gets a Logic 1

This happens only when inputs A=1, B=0, C=1 and D=0.

ALL other combinations yield a 0 at the Solenoid, which in turn

sounds the Buzzer.
(indicating wrong combination of inputs)
 Real World Solutions
Design a simple circuit to illustrate the
operation of a Logic Gate of your choice.

Name the Logic Gate and show its truth

Table.
Indicate the IC to be used.
Show the pin diagram for the IC.
Draw a circuit showing how the IC will be
connected.
Show where power will be connected to the
circuit.
The Output should be connected to an LED or
 Real World Solutions
Design a circuit to show how a single
Logic Gate (of your choice) can be used
to perform a simple task Such as
Switching on an LED or
Sounding a Buzzer or
Indicating the presence/absence of sunlight
or
Other of your choice.
 Questions will follow.

The End