Experiment 6

Hydrocarbons
ABRASALDO GRANADOS - YANGZON
Objectives:
Todevelop the ability to detect various signs
of chemical change;
Toobserve how hydrocarbon types may be
detected and differentiated from each other
by means of chemical tests (test tube
reactions)
Tocompare the reactivity of alkanes,
alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons
towards selected chemical reagents; and
To
carry out the laboratory preparation of
acetylene.
 Results:
Table 1.: Solubility Behavior
CONCENTRATED
SAMPLE CHOLOROFORM DISTILLED H2O 10% NaOH
H2SO4
Cyclohexane Miscible Immiscible Immiscible Immiscible with
(2 clear layers) production of small
bubbles
Cyclohexene Miscible Immiscible Immiscible 2 layers and brown
viscous precipitate
formed
Benzene Miscible Immiscible with cloud Immiscible Immiscible where 2
like solution as another distinct layers seen: 1)
layer clear one; 2) greenish
one

Toluene Miscible Immiscible and Immiscible Immisible; yellowish

formation of bubble
layers
Results:
Table 2: Reaction with Bromine (Br2)
TEST TUBE 1 TEST TUBE 2
SAMPLE
(w/ carbon paper) (w/ out carbon paper)
Cyclohexane Immiscible Immiscible
Cyclohexene Miscible ; clear and colorless Miscible ; clear and colorless
Benzene Immiscible Immiscible
Toluene Two immiscible layers ; one with Two immiscible layers ; one with
precipitate precipitate

Table 3: Oxidation: Reaction with Baeyers Reagent

SAMPLE BAEYERS REAGENT
Cyclohexane Immiscible
Cyclohexene Miscible; decolourization of KMnO4,
brown precipitate
Benzene Immiscible
Toluene Immiscible
Results:
Table 4: Reaction with Ammoniacal AgNO3
SAMPLE AMMONIACAL AgNO3
Cyclohexane Immiscible
Cyclohexene Immiscible

Table 5: Preparation of Acetylene gas with solubility

SAMPLE ACETYLENE GAS AND
SOLUBILITY
Choloform Bubbles were observed; insoluble
Distilled Water Bubbles were observed; insoluble
Sulfuric Acid Bubbles were observed; insoluble
10 % NaOH Bubbles were observed; insoluble
AgNO3 + ; silver precipitate`
Baeyers Reagent + ; brown precipitate
Bromine (light) + ; decolorization
Bromine (dark) + ; decolorization
Discussion

cyclohexane

cyclohexene

benzene

toluene
 Discussion
Table 1.: Solubility Behavior
CONCENTRATED
SAMPLE CHOLOROFORM DISTILLED H2O 10% NaOH
H2SO4
Cyclohexane Miscible Immiscible Immiscible Immiscible with
(2 clear layers) production of small
bubbles
Cyclohexene Miscible Immiscible Immiscible 2 layers and brown
viscous precipitate
formed
Benzene Miscible Immiscible with cloud Immiscible Immiscible where 2
like solution as another distinct layers seen: 1)
layer clear one; 2) greenish
one

Toluene Miscible Immiscible and Immiscible Immisible; yellowish

formation of bubble
layers
Discussion
Thefirst test was done to determine the drugs
miscibility in Chloroform, Distilled H2O, 10%
NaOH and Concentrated H2SO4. Miscibility is
the property of liquids to to mix in all
proportions, therefore forming a homogenous
solution. By contrast, substances are
considered immiscible if in any proportion,
they do not form a solution. In organic
compounds. The miscibility is determined by
the weight percentage of the hydrocarbon
chain
Discussion
Table 2: Reaction with Bromine (Br2)
TEST TUBE 1 TEST TUBE 2
SAMPLE
(w/ carbon paper) (w/ out carbon paper)
Cyclohexane Immiscible Immiscible
Cyclohexene Miscible ; clear and colorless Miscible ; clear and colorless
Benzene Immiscible Immiscible
Toluene Two immiscible layers ; one with Two immiscible layers ; one with
precipitate precipitate

Table 3: Oxidation: Reaction with Baeyers Reagent

SAMPLE BAEYERS REAGENT
Cyclohexane Immiscible
Cyclohexene Miscible; decolourization of KMnO4,
brown precipitate
Benzene Immiscible
Toluene Immiscible
 Discussion
Baeyers test and Bromine test was performed to determine
which compound is actively unsaturated. Baeyers test is a
test for unsaturation or double bonds. Baeyers test uses a
solution called the Baeyers reagent, which is a solution of
alkaline potassium permanganate. A positive result or a
compound which is actively unsaturated leads to a result of
decolorization of a purple solution and formation of a brown
precipitate. Along with Baeyers test is the Bromine test which
is also a test for double bonds. The reagent used is 0.5% Br2 in
CCl4. A positive result in the test will lead to decolorization of
an orange solution. The compound which immediately
decolorized would be the most actively unsaturated
Discussion
Table 4: Reaction with Ammoniacal AgNO3
SAMPLE AMMONIACAL AgNO3
Cyclohexane Immiscible
Cyclohexene Immiscible

Table 5: Preparation of Acetylene gas with solubility

SAMPLE ACETYLENE GAS AND
SOLUBILITY
Choloform Bubbles were observed; insoluble
Distilled Water Bubbles were observed; insoluble
Sulfuric Acid Bubbles were observed; insoluble
10 % NaOH Bubbles were observed; insoluble
AgNO3 + ; silver precipitate`
Baeyers Reagent + ; brown precipitate
Bromine (light) + ; decolorization
Bromine (dark) + ; decolorization