Fisiologi Cairan Mik

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FISIOLOGI

CAIRAN TUBUH
PENDAHULUAN
Cairan (air) sangat vital bagi tubuh
60% dari total massa tubuh

bervariasi (umur, sex, lemak tubuh)


intraseluler,

ektraseluler plasma +
interstisial
Intracellular Fluid (ICF) comprises 2/3 of the
body's water.
If your body has 60% water, ICF is about 40%
of your weight.
The ICF is primarily a solution of potassium
and organic anions, proteins etc.
The cell membranes and cellular metabolism
control the constituents of this ICF.
ICF is not homogeneous in your body. It
represents a conglomeration of fluids from all
the different cells.
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) is the remaining 1/3 of your
body's water.
ECF is about 20% of your weight.
The ECF is primarily a NaCl and NaHCO3 solution.
The ECF is further subdivided into three
subcompartments:
Interstitial Fluid (ISF) surrounds the cells, but does
not circulate. It comprises about 3/4 of the ECF.
Plasma circulates as the extracellular component of
blood. It makes up about 1/4 of the ECF.
Transcellular fluid is a set of fluids that are outside of
the normal compartments. These 1-2 liters of fluid
make up the CSF, Digestive Juices, Mucus, etc.
The 60-40-20 Rule:60 % of body weight is
water
40% of body weight is intracellular fluids

40% x 70 kg = 28 L water
20% of body weight is extracellular fluid

ISF, 10 L
Plasma 4 L
Trans 1 L
PERSENTASE AIR DARI
JARINGAN TUBUH

Jaringan % Air
Ginjal 83
Jantung 79
Paru-paru 79
Otot skelet 76
Otak 75
Kulit 72
Hati 68
Tulang 22
Jaringan Lemak 10
Keseimbangan Cairan Tubuh

Intake/Asupan : 2500 ml
Bahan makanan + minum 2300 ml
Oksidasi Karbohidrat 200 ml

Output : 2500 ml
Insensible water loss 600-800 ml

- Respirasi 300-400 ml
- Evaporasi kulit 300-400 ml
Keringat 100 ml
Feses 100 ml
Ginjal (urine) 1500 ml
Komposisi Ion-ion Utama Dalam Cairan
Tubuh
Ion Plasma Interstisal Intraseluler
Natrium 142 139 14

Kalium 4,2 4,0 140

Kalsium 1,3 1,2 0

Magnesium 0,8 0,7 20

Klorida 108 108 4

Bikarbonat 24 28,3 10

Fosfat 2 2 11

Sulfat 0,5 0,5 1


Transportasi Cairan & Elektrolit Pada
Membran Sel
1. Transportasi pasif/Difusi
energi kinetik normal
a. Difusi sederhana
b. Difusi yang dipermudah protein
pembawa
2. Transportasi aktif :
melawan gradien energi
a. Primer (Na-K Pump)
b. Sekunder (Ko-Transport)
Struktur Membran Sel
Difusi Sederhana :

- Zat-zat larut lemak (O2, N2, CO2, Alkohol)


- Molekul air

Difusi yang dipermudah :

- Glukosa
- Asam amino
Prinsip Difusi Air

Laruta
n
Air NaCl
Perubahan Sel Terhadap Keadaan
Larutan Ekstrasel

1. Sel berada dalam larutan isotonik tetap


normal
2. Sel berada dalam larutan hipertonik
mengecil/mengjerut
3. Sel berada dalam larutan hipotonik
membesar/membengkak
Transpor Cairan Pada
Membran Kapiler

Hukum Starling
Edema Akibat Gangguan
Hemodinamik
Edema volume cairan pada ruang interstitial mencapai paling
kurang 2.5-3 liter
Penyebab :
Peningkatan tekanan hidrostatik kapiler filtrasi cairan
berlebihan melalui kapiler-kapiler.
Penurunan protein plasma pengurangan tekanan osmotik
koloid plasma sehingga gagal menahan cairan di dalam kapiler-
kapiler
Obstruksi limfe protein plasma berkumpul di dalam ruang
jaringan menyebabkan cairan berosmosis ke luar dari kapiler-
kapiler
Peningkatan permeabilitas kapiler memungkinkan protein dan
cairan secara berlebihan merembes ke ruang-ruang jaringan.
Beberapa Contoh Penyakit

1. Peningkatan tek hidrostatik kapiler


- Meninkatnya tek vena : gagal jantung, sirosis
- Retensi Na+ dan air : gagal ginjal
2. Menurunnya tek koloid osmotik plasma
- Kehilangan protein : sindroma nefrotik
- Berkurangnya sintesa protein : kurang kalori
protein, penyakit hati.
3. Meningkatnya permeabilitas kapiler : luka
bakar, reaksi radang, toksin.
4. Obstruksi limfe : kanker, filariasis.
1. Jelaskan komposisi ion-ion dalam tubuh
2. Jelaskan kandungan cairan Ringer Laktat
3. Jelaskan kandungan cairan NaCl
4. Jelaskan kandungan cairan Kaen-3B

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