ROOF AND TRUSSES

ROOFS:
ROOF

ROOF TYPES
Roof is defined as the upper
most part of a building , which is
constructed in the form of a
ROOF frame work to give protection to
TRUSSES/RA
the buildings against rain, heat,
FTERS
snow, wind etc
ROOF
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF
ROOF SHAPES
ROOF TYPES

ROOF
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
Roofs protect buildings
ELEMENTS and occupants from wind,
rain, cold, sun, heat, dust,
EXAMPLES etc.

TRUSSES Roofs come in many

DEFN+CHAR shapes.
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF
ROOF TYPES
ROOF TYPES

ROOF
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS Shed Gable Hip
Gable
EXAMPLES with
Dormer
TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES Flat Gambrel

Hip &
SKETCHES Valley
 ROOF
GABLE
ROOF

GABLE
 ROOF TYPES HIPPED
GABLE
ROOF

HIP
ROOF
GAMBRE
L ROOF
MANASAR
D

CURB
ROOF

BARREL
RAINBOW
ROOF
ROOF
 ROOF
COMMON ROOFING
ROOF TYPES MATERIALS

ROOF
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS
Clay/Cement Tiles
EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES Wood/Cedar Slate

 ROOF
ROOFS AS SUSTAINABLE SPACE
ROOF TYPES Natural light creates
a pleasant space for
occupants and
requires less energy
ROOF
for lighting.
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF
ROOF TRUSS
A framework, typically consisting of rafters
ROOF TYPES
supporting a roof, bridge, or other structure.
A roof truss is a simple assembly of members
forming a rigid framework of triangular
shapes.
ROOF
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF RAFTERS:

ROOF TYPES
Rafters are an alternative to
trusses for roof support.
Rafters are roof beams that
slope from the ridge beam to
ROOF the top of the wall.
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
HIP ROOF
FLAT ROOF
GAMBREL ROOF
SHED ROOF
GABLE ROOF
 ROOF

ROOF TYPES
ROOF QUALITIES

A roof must be weather resistant to rain,

snow, wind and sun.
ROOF
TRUSSES/RA A roof should be durable.
FTERS A roof should have good thermal
ROOF insulation properties.
ELEMENTS A roof should require a minimum of
maintenance.
EXAMPLES
A roof should be constructed in such a
TRUSSES way as to retain structural stability
DEFN+CHAR when dead and imposed loads are
AC. applied to it ( dead loads is the weight
TRUSSES of materials used to make the roof,
TYPES imposed loads are loads created by
wind, snow, etc.
SKETCHES
 ROOF
ROOF ELEMENTS

ROOF TYPES
When designing a roof the following points
should be considered in relation to its final
appearance.
ROOF
Pitch:
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS It is the inclination of the sides of a roof to the
horizontal plane, it is expressed in degree
ROOF (angle). The steeper the pitch the greater the
ELEMENTS roof area visible.

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES Concrete
TYPES interlocking roof
tiles
SKETCHES
 Roofs
Ridge Valley Rafter

Hipped End
Verge
Common Jack Rafters
Rafters
Hip

Eaves
Gable End
Lean-to
Flat Roof
Roof
Traditional cut Roof
 ROOF

TERMS
ROOF TYPES
Wall plate:
These are long wooden members which
are provided on the top of stone or brick
ROOF work.
TRUSSES/RA Ceiling joist:
FTERS These are timbers which provide a
support for fixing ceiling finishes and act
ROOF as a collar to prevent rafters spreading.
ELEMENTS Common rafters:
These are inclined wooden members
running from the ridge to eaves.
EXAMPLES Ridge:
It is defined as the apex line of the
TRUSSES sloping roof. It is thus the apex of the
DEFN+CHAR angle formed by the termination of
AC. inclined surfaces.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF

ROOF TYPES

Hip :
It is the ridge formed by the
ROOF intersection of two sloping surfaces,
TRUSSES/RA where the exterior angle is greater than
FTERS 180*
ROOF Purlin:
ELEMENTS This is a horizontal roof member
supporting the rafters and usually at
EXAMPLES right angles to these. This enables small
section timbers to be used for the
TRUSSES rafters.
DEFN+CHAR Hangers :
AC. These are timbers hanging from the
TRUSSES purlins to the ceiling joist to give
TYPES additional support to binders.
Fascia :
SKETCHES A board fixed vertically to rafter ends,
which provide an additional fixing for
 ROOF

ROOF TYPES

Soffit:
A horizontal board fixed to the
ROOF underside of rafter outside the
TRUSSES/RA building.
FTERS Eaves:
ROOF The lower edge of the inclined roof
ELEMENTS surface, which usually includes the end
of
EXAMPLES the rafter, ceiling joist, soffit, fascia
and gutter.
TRUSSES
Valley:
DEFN+CHAR
AC. This is the name for the intersection
between two sloping surfaces,
TRUSSES
forming an internal angle ( the
TYPES
opposite to a hip).

SKETCHES
 ROOF

PITCHED ROOF
ROOF TYPES
If the roof space is or may
be intended to be used in
the future, the structure
ROOF should be designed
TRUSSES/RA accordingly.
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES Roof with a gable end

SKETCHES
HIPPED ROOF
Standard trussed rafter
 ROOF
ROOF COVERINGS
ROOF TYPES A wide variety of different types of
roof coverings are available
including:
natural slates
ROOF
man made slates
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS concrete tiles
ROOF Profiled metal sheet
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR Roof tiles
AC.
TRUSSES
Profiled galvanized
TYPES
metal sheet

SKETCHES
 ROOF

TRUSSES
ROOF TYPES
Truss- It is a framework , usually of
triangles and designed to support the
roof covering or ceiling over rooms , is
known as a roof truss.
ROOF
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF

CHARACTERISTICS
ROOF TYPES

Atruss consists of typically straight

members connected at joints, traditionally
ROOF termed panel points.
TRUSSES/RA A triangle is the simplest geometric figure
FTERS that will not change shape when the lengths
ROOF of the sides are fixed.
ELEMENTS In comparison, both the angles and the
lengths of a four-sided figure must be fixed
EXAMPLES for it to retain its shape.

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF

ROOF TYPES
TYPES OF TRUSS

Some of the usual form of roof trusses are as

ROOF
follows:
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS i. KING POST
ROOF ii. QUEEN-POST TRUSS
ELEMENTS iii. COMBINATION OF KING-POST AND QUEEN-
POST TRUSS
EXAMPLES iv. MANSARD ROOF TRUSS
v. TRUNCATED TRUSS
TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR vi. BEL-FAST ROOF TRUSS
AC. vii. STEEL TRUSS
TRUSSES viii. Composite roof trusses
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF

KING POST
ROOF TYPES

One of the simplest truss

ROOF styles to implement, the king
TRUSSES/RA post consists of two angled
FTERS supports leaning into a
ROOF common vertical support.
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF

QUEEN-POST TRUSS
ROOF TYPES

A queen-post truss differs From a

king-post truss in having two vertical
ROOF posts, rather than one.
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF
COMBINATION OF KING-POS
ROOF TYPES
AND QUEEN-POST TRUSS

Queen-post trusses are suitable for spans upto
12m.
ROOF
For greater spans, the queen-post truss can
TRUSSES/RA strengthened by one member, called princess-
FTERS post to each side.
ROOF
the resulting combination of king-post and queen-
ELEMENTS post trusses, which are suitable upto 18m span.

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF

MANSARD ROOF TRUSS

ROOF TYPES

This roof truss is a combination of king-post and
queen-post trusses.
ROOF
It is a two storey truss, with upper portion consisting
TRUSSES/RA
of king-post truss and lower portion consisting of
FTERS
queen-post truss.
ROOF
ELEMENTS
The use of this truss results in economy in space,
since a room may be provided between the two
EXAMPLES queen-posts.

However, it has become obsolete because of odd
TRUSSES
shape.
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF
TRUNCATED TRUSS
ROOF TYPES

A truncated truss is similar to
Mansard truss, except that its
ROOF top is formed flat, with a
TRUSSES/RA gentle slope to one side.
FTERS
This type of truss is used
ROOF when it is required to provide
ELEMENTS a room in the roof,

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF

BEL-FAST ROOF TRUSS

ROOF TYPES

This truss, in the form of a bow,
consists of thin sections of timber,
ROOF with its top chord curved.
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS

If the roof covering is light, this roof
truss can be used upto 30m span.
ROOF The roof truss is also known as
ELEMENTS latticed roof truss.

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF

ROOF TYPES
Composite roof trusses

Roof trusses made of two materials,
such as timber and steel, are known as
ROOF composite roof trusses.
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS

In a composite truss, the tension
members are made of steel, while
ROOF compression members are made of
ELEMENTS timber.

EXAMPLES Special fittings are required at the

junction of steel and timber members.
TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
TYPES OF GUTTERS USED IN
ROOFS
 ROOF

BASIC TRUSS MEMBERS

ROOF TYPES

CHORD
ROOF
TRUSSES/RA WEB
FTERS
ROOF PANEL
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES
PANEL
SKETCHES POINT
 ROOF

ROOF TYPES

PITCHED
TRUSS
ROOF
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS
PRATT
EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES FLAT
TYPES TRUSS

SKETCHES
 ROOF

ROOF TYPES

CROWN POST

ROOF
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES HOWE
TYPES

SKETCHES
 ROOF

ROOF TYPES

ROOF
TRUSSES/RA
FTERS
ROOF
ELEMENTS

EXAMPLES

TRUSSES
DEFN+CHAR
AC.
TRUSSES
TYPES

SKETCHES
THANK YOU