Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Directs Methods
Directs Methods
Directs Methods
METHODS
GAUSSIAN
ELIMINATION
1 5 9 117 1 5 9 117
f1*4 f 3
0 59 105 1358 0 59 105 1358
4 6 1 6 0 14 35 413
1 5 9 117 1 5 9 117
f1* 159
0 59 105 1358 0 1 105 59 1358 59
0 14 35 413 0 14 35 413
1 5 9 117 1 5 9 117
f 2 *14 f 3
0 1 105 59 1358 59 0 1 105 59 1358 59
0 14 35 413 0 0 595 59 5355 59
1 5 9 117 1 5 9 117
f 3 *59559
0 1 105 59 1358 59 0 1 105 59 1358 59
0 0 595 59 5355 59 0 0 1 9
x1 5 x2 9 x3 117
x2 105 59 x3 1358 59
x3 9
x3 9
x2 7
x1 1
GAUSS-JORDAN
2x 3y z 1
3x 2 y 4 z 3
5x y z 4
0 Then we write the augmented matrix of the system.
2 3 2 1
3 2 4 3
5 1 1 4
2 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 2
2 f1
3 2 4 3 3 2 4 3
5 1 1 4 5 1 1 4
1 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 f f 1 32 12 12
5 f11 f 32
3 2 4 3 0 13 2 11 2 9 2
5 1 1 4 0 17 2 7 2 3 2
1 32 1 2 1 2 2 13 f 1 3 2 1 2 1 2
2 f3 2
0 13 2 11 2 9 2 0 1 11 13 9 13
0 17 2 7 2 3 2 0 17 7 3
1 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 2
17 f 2 f 3
0 1 11 13 9 13 0 1 11 13 9 13
0 17 7 3 0 0 96 13 192 13
1 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 2
13 96 f 3
0 1 11 13 9 13 0 1 11 13 9 13
0 0 96 13 192 13 0 0 1 2
1 3 2 1 2 1 2 11 13 f f 1 3 2 0 1 2
1 2 f 3 3 f1 2
0 1 11 13 9 13 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2
1 3 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 1
3 2 f 2 f1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2
1 0 0 1 x 1
0 1 0 1 y 1
0 0 1 2 z 2
0 The final reduced row echelon matrix indicates that:
The solution of the system is x = 1, y =- 1 and z = 2.
x 1
y 1
z 2
GAUSS-JORDAN
WITH PIVOTING
x1 2 x2 x3 4 x4 13
2 x1 4 x3 3 x4 28
4 x1 2 x2 2 x3 x4 20
3x1 x2 3 x3 2 x4 6
0 The augmented matrix is:
pivot 1 2 1 4 13
m21 2 2 0 4 3 28
m31 4 4 2 2 1 20
m41 3 3 1 3 2 6
0 The first row is used to eliminate elements in the first
column below the diagonal. We refer to the first row
as the pivotal row and the element a11 = 1 is called the
pivotal element. The values mk1 are the multiples of
row 1 that are to be subtracted from row k for k = 2, 3,
4. The result after elimination is:
1 2 1 4 13
pivot 0 4 2 5 2
m32 1.5 0 6 2 15 32
m42 1.75 0 7 6 14 45
0 The second row is used to eliminate elements in the
second column that lie below the diagonal. The
second row is the pivotal row and the values mk2 are
the multiples of row 2 that are to be subtracted from
row k for k = 3, 4. The result after elimination is:
1 2 1 4 13
0 4 2 5 2
pivot 0 0 5 7.5 35
m43 1.9 0 0 9.5 5.25 48.5
0 Finally, the multiple m43 = −1.9 of the third row is
subtracted from the fourth row, and the result is the
upper-triangular system.
1 2 1 4 13
0 4 2 5 2
0 0 5 7.5 35
0 0 9.5 9 18
0 The back-substitution algorithm can be used to solve,
and we get: x4 = 2, x3 = 4, x2 = −1, x1 = 3.
x4 2
x3 4
x2 1
x1 3
BIBLIOGRAPHY
0 http://cbi.azc.uam.mx/archivos/varios/Problemario
W.pdf
0 http://www.ecs.fullerton.edu/~mathews/n2003/gau
ssjordan/GaussianJordanProof.pdf