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Fabonacci Numbers and Golden Ratio
Fabonacci Numbers and Golden Ratio
V
Assistant Professor
Department of Mathematics
Fibonacci Numbers And
Golden Ratio
Who Was Fibonacci?
A Famous Mathematician
Fibonacci (1170-1250) is a
short for theLatin "filius
Bonacci" which means
"the son of Bonacci but his
full name was Leonardo
Pisano
Problem:
Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits (one male, one female)
are put in a field. Rabbits are able to mate at the age of
one month so that at the end of its second month, a female
can produce another pair of rabbits. Suppose that the rabbits
never die and that the female always produces one new pair
(one male, one female) every month from the second month
on. How many pairs will there be in one year?
Pairs
1 pair
At the end of the first month there is still only one pair
Pairs
1 pair
1 pair
At the end of the second month the female produces a
new pair, so now there are 2 pairs of rabbits
2 pairs
Pairs
1 pair
1 pair
2 pairs
1 pair
2 pairs
5 pairs
At the end of the fourth month, the first pair produces yet another new pair, and the female
born two months ago produces her first pair of rabbits also, making 5 pairs.
Thus We get the following sequence of numbers:
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34 ,55,89,144....
This sequence, in which each number is a sum of two
previous is called Fibonacci sequence
so there is the
simple rule: add the last two to get the next!
So 144 Pairs will be there
at the end of One Year.
Fibonacci sequence in
Nature
Spirals seen in the
arrangement of
seeds in the head of
this sunflower number
Spirals seen in the arrangement of seeds in the head of this sunflower
So = 1.6180339887
Also known as:
Golden Ratio,
Golden Section,
Golden cut,
Divine proportion,
Divine section,
Mean of Phidias
Extreme and mean ratio,
Medial section,
. Two quantities are in the
golden ratio if the ratio between
the sum of those quantities and
the larger one is the same as the
ratio between the larger one and
the smaller
a b
a+b
a+b a
= =
a b
= 1+5
= 1.618
2
One interesting thing about Phi is
its reciprocal
1/ = 1/1.618 = 0.618.
It is highly unusual for the
decimal integers of a number and
its reciprocal to be exactly the
same.
A golden rectangle is a
rectangle where the ratio of its
length to width is the golden
ratio. That is whose sides are
in the ratio 1:1.618
The golden rectangle has the property
that it can be further subdivided in to two
portions a square and a golden rectangle
This smaller rectangle can similarly be
subdivided in to another set of smaller
golden rectangle and smaller square.
And this process can be done repeatedly
to produce smaller versions of squares
and golden rectangles
Golden Rectangle
Golden Spiral
Start with the smallest one on the
right connect the lower right
corner to the upper right corner
with an arc that is one fourth of
a circle. Then continue your line
in to the second square on the
with an arc that is one fourth of a
circle , we will continue this
process until each square has an
arc inside of it, with all of them
connected as a continues line.
The line should look like a spiral
when we are done .
Golden Triangle
The Golden
triangle is a special
isosceles triangle.
The top angle is
360 while the
bottom two angles
are 720 each
Relation between
Fibonacci
Sequence and
Golden ratio
The Fibonacci sequence is 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,.
89/55 = 1.618
If we continue to look at the
ratios as the numbers in the
sequence get larger and larger
the ratio will eventually become
the same number, and that
number is the Golden Ratio!
1
1
2
3 1.5000000000000000
5 1.6666666666666700
8 1.6000000000000000
13 1.6250000000000000
21 1.6153846153846200
34 1.6190476190476200
55 1.6176470588235300
89 1.6181818181818200
144 1.6179775280898900
233 1.6180555555555600
377 1.6180257510729600
610 1.6180371352785100
987 1.6180327868852500
1,597 1.6180344478216800
2,584 1.6180338134001300
4,181 1.6180340557275500
6,765 1.6180339631667100
10,946 1.6180339985218000
17,711 1.6180339850173600
28,657 1.6180339901756000
46,368 1.6180339882053200
75,025 1.6180339889579000
Golden ratio
in
Nature
Nautilus Shell
Golden ratio in Art