CHAPTER 6

Hazard Identification,
Risk Assessment and
Risk Control
(HIRARC)
 Course Objectives
6.1 Understand hazard, risk and danger

6.2 Know types of hazard

6.3 Understand risk control

6.4 Demonstrate the proper and safe methods in

deploying portable fire extinguishers/hose reels
with respect to the different classes of fire
 6.1 Definition
Hazard: A condition that is dangerous that
chance of being injured or harmed (personal
injury or death) or loss (property damage)

Risk: The possibility of suffering harm or

loss; danger

Danger: Something that may cause harm

 The 4 hazards of work life

Hazards Application Outcomes /impact

Accident High compensation

Physical/ costs
physiological Medical claims
Disease Lost productivity time
Poor productivity

Low work Inefficiency/

life quality Socio- ineffectiveness
psychological High worker
Stress dissatisfaction
Low job involvement

4
 Hazards and Risks
The hazard management process:

Identify hazards

Assess the risk of hazard causing injury or illness, control the hazard to eliminate or minimise the level of risk

Monitor/review and evaluate the effectiveness of controls

 6.2 Types of Hazard

Bacteria/Virus infections Mechanical

Insects, plants, birds, Electrical
animals, and humans etc
Radiation
Noise
Heat or cold

Pressure/vacuum
Height

Hazardous chemicals/toxic/dust Fire

Gases, fumes, liquids Working space

 contd.

Repetitive
Sexual harassment movements

Work pressure Improper set

up of
Family workstation
Drug/alcohol Tool and
Bullying equipment
design
Discrimination
Task design
 Identifying hazards
In addition to your own observations, look for information on
potential hazards in:

1. Work instructions, procedures manuals, standard operating

procedures
2. Equipment manuals, information supplied with raw materials or
consumables
3. Health and safety inspection checklists from other workplaces
4. Incident, accident and near miss reports
5. Information from industry associations and unions and Work
Cover
6. Word of mouth, especially from experienced workers
6.3 Hazard Risk Control
Hierarchy of Control

The Hierarchy of Control prioritises

preferred options for implementing
possible problem solutions and controls.

It is to be used when determining risk

elimination and reduction methods.
 contd.
The hierarchy of controls lists 6 categories of controls,
from the most to the least effective:
1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Isolation
4. Engineering control
5. Administrative control
6. Personal protection equipment (PPE)
1 Elimination
. Work activity/process involve use of a hazardous
chemicals that is not essential, eliminate wherever
practicable.

Using a physical process rather than a chemical

process to clean an object, eg. Ultrasonic
cleaning;
Using clips, clamps or bolts instead of an
adhesive;
Purchasing supplies of materials in already cut
and sized form rather than carrying out dust
producing cutting process on site.
2 Substitution
. Substitute of materials
Replacing a chlorinated degreasing solvent
with detergent;
Using a water based paint in place of an organic
solvent based paint;
Using a chemical in paste or pallet form rather than a
dusty powder;
Using a lead free solder paste rather than a lead based
solder.
Substitute of process or equipment
Brush application of paint rather than aerosol
application;
Dipping in a paint bath rather than spray painting.
3 Isolation
. Removing the source of hazard exposure from workers by:
Placing the source in another location
Enclosing or shielding the source with physical barrier
Automating the process in a closed system or separation by
distance or the use of barrier to prevent exposure;
Removal and storage of materials in a separate location.

Examples of application:
Tank farms separated from the process area
Automated process are used in chemical
processing and petroleum refining
Heat barriers and soundproof enclosures
Removal of worker to a control room that is
separate from the processing plant/area.
4 Engineering Control

. Plant, process or equipment that minimize the generation of

hazardous substances, suppress or contain hazardous
substances or limit the area of contamination in the event of
spill or leak.

Ventilated booth for spray

painting
Robot welding
LEV attached to grinding
machines
Automation of the removal of

objects from degreasing baths

Closed reaction vessels
5 Administrative Control
.
Is a formal work procedures in order to identify all
hazards, eliminate it and minimized risks.
It integrates men, machineries and materials.
Documented hazard precautions use in OJT.
 Control Measures Under Administrative Control
Component of administrative control People, Machinery, Plant,
Equipment, Materials, Environment & Place Of Work

Assess the risk

- What is used? Identify the hazards
Monitor the - Who does what?
- JSA / HIRARC -
control - Where the task carried
Inspection/audit
out? - How the task is done?
- Periodic check - - Procedures
System OK - Reports -
- Carried effectively Steps to Records -
Feedback
- Changes require Administrative
alteration Control

Define safe methods

Implement
- Consider preparation & authorization at the start of the job
the control
- Ensure clear planning of job sequence
- Specify safe work method -
Include mean of access & escape if relevant -
Consider the task of dismantling, disposal at the end of the job
6 Personal Protective Equipment
.
Most of employers choice
Very simple settle most of the hazard/risk
Cheap
Did not eliminate hazard/risk
Use with other control measures
Warning Signs

Posted at every entrance

Other relevant information are
given likely to be at risk
Illuminated & cleaned readily
visible

Features Of Warning Signs:

- Give warning of the hazard
- Both language
- Attract attention

Standard Specifications:
- MS 980
- MS 981
- MS 982
- MS 983
 SAFETY
TIPS TO
CONTROL
HAZARD???
WEAR ALL
YOUR
SAFETY
CLOTHING
 WEAR YOUR
SAFETY CLOTHING!
 WATCH OUT
FOR UNSAFE
CONDITIONS
REPORT
THEM
HOUSEKEEPING
 DONT WORK ON
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
IF YOU ARE NOT QUALIFIED
NO FOOLING,
TEASING
FELLOW
EMPLOYEES
ONLY WORK ON EQUIPMENT
IF YOU ARE AUTHORIZED
TO DO SO!
MAKE SURE ALL YOUR TOOLS
ARE IN A SAFE CONDITION
DONT DRINK ON DUTY
6.4 GROUP ASSIGNMENT

Demonstrate the proper and safe methods in deploying

portable fire extinguishers/hose reels with respects to the
different classes of fire