Clayton P.

Alderfer
Americanpsychologistw
ho further
developedMaslow's
Hierarchy of Needsby
categorizing the
hierarchy into his ERG
theory (Existence,
Relatedness and Growth).
Alderfer is also known for
his contributions to
organizational
psychology.
A
L M
D A
E S
R L
F O
E W
R
 The
E.R.G.
Theory
1.) Existence Needs
These include needs for basic
material necessities.
In short, it includes an
individuals physiological and
physical safety needs.
Existenc
e Needs
Physiological Needs

Safety Needs
 2.) Relatedness Needs
The aspiration individuals have
for maintaining significant
interpersonal relationships (be it
with family, peers or superiors)
like getting public fame and
recognition.
Interpersonalloveandinternal
esteemneeds.
Relatedn
ess
Needs
ocial Needs

Internal
Esteem Needs
 3.) Growth Needs
Need for self-development
and personal growth and
advancement.
External Self-esteem and
Self-actualization.
Growth
Needs
Growth Needs
 3 core values of Development
Michael Todaro and Denis
Goulet

1. Sustenance
2. Self-esteem
3. Freedom from servitude

Development is the sustained elevation of

an entire society and social system toward a
better or more humane life.
- Michael P. Todaro
The 3 core values are related to
fundamental human needs and sought by all
individuals and societies.
- Denis Goulet
 1. Sustenance
The ability to meet basic
needs.
The life-sustaining basic
human needs include food,
shelter, health and
protection.
When any one of these is
absent or in critically short
supply, a condition of
absolute
"underdevelopment" exists.
 2. Self-esteem
A sense of worth and self-
respect- of not being used
as a tool by others for their
own ends.
The quality of life is good
when there is respect,
trust, and self-value.
Each person has needs
which can be achieved
through the presence of
respect, dignity, and a
good reputation in society.
 3. Freedom From servitude

The ability to choose.

This freedom is drawn
from liberation from
oppressive systems in
society like poverty,
slavery and ignorance.
Advantage of economic
growth is not that
wealth increases
happiness, but that it
increases the range of
human choice.
 ERG
Theory
Compare
and
Contrast
3 Core
Values of
ERG 3 Core Values of
Theory Development

- The Three Core

- The ERG Values are
Theory is being - Both agree different to the
compared to that food, ERG Theory
Maslows shelter and because to achieve
Theory because health are economic
it is almost the basic needs development,
same. But, their which must be people need to
groupings are - Self-esteem
satisfied by all have FREEDOM
-different.
ERG Theory and building
humans. - Theservitude
from 3 core .
states that the relationships values are
priority of these are needed for sought by all
needs depend economic individuals.
from person to development.
person or the
number of
people who seek
them.