Mathematical models are differential equations that

represent changes in time variables such as distance,

speed, strength, temperature and gravity.

Through mathematical models we can analyze, identify and

represent the dynamics or movement which has an
element, a mechanism or process.
 Numerical or
Graphical
Results

Definition of the Implementation

Problem

MATHEMATICS
MODELS
The Model
A natural phenomenon is described by a mathematical
model, usually by a differential equation. In some (simple)
cases, these differential equations have exact solutions
which we may use directly. In other cases, we must also
solve these differential equations. In either case, we do this
using algorithms implemented on a computer.
An engineer must use the most appropriate model, not the
best model. For example, Einstein's general theory of
relatively is the best model available to describe motion,
but for some cases, Newton's laws of motion are more than
sufficient, and for such cases, no employer will pay for a
solution which has unnecessary precision. However, in
others (for example, real-time conversion of optical Gbit/s
signals to electric signals), Newton's laws no longer apply
and it is necessary to use better models.
Software Implementation
The mathematical models are then implemented in a
program on a computer using various algorithms. This class
covers many of the introductory algorithms used at this
stage.

Simulation
The executions of our simulations take measurements from
the real world and produce an approximation of the real
world. If we make judicious choices of the model, the
algorithms used, and appropriate measurements, the
approximation of the real world will be sufficiently good to
satisfy the stated requirements. Errors in any of these
steps can easily produce an invalid or poor representation
of the real world which does not satisfy the given
requirements.
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In petroleum engineering simulators are used to relate the

data flow observed in the field with reservoir properties
such as permeability, porosity and pressure distribution.

In addition, the primary function of a simulator is to help

engineers understand the behavior of pressure and
production, to predict the rates at each well in function of
time.
All simulators are the reservoir as a large set of cells. Each
cell corresponds to a volume of the reservoir and contains
information of rock properties and fluid characteristics of
the reservoir. The simulator solves the equations for each
of these cells taking into account the values of
permeability, porosity, viscosity, compressibility and others.

However, current simulators represent the site as a series

of interconnected blocks and flow through these is solved
by numerical methods.

The equations are written in the form of finite differences,

as the field is seen as a succession of blocks and the
production is divided into time slots. In mathematical
terms, it attempts to place the problem in time and space.
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