LTE Functionalities and Features Overview

LTE Radio Parameters RL30

1 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN30GLA0

Contents

1. LTE Functionalities & Features Overview

2. Parameters Structure & SIBs
3. Physical Channel Configuration & Random Access
4. UE State Handling
5. Bearer Management
6. Admission Control
7. Power Control & Power Setting
8. Adaptive Modulation & Coding
9. MIMO Mode Control
10. Idle Mode Mobility
11. Connected Mode Mobility
12. Scheduler
13. SON

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LTE in 3GPP Release 8
3GPP and Operator Requirements
Packet Switched Domain Optimized
RTT <10 ms
Access Delay <300 ms
Peak Rates UL/DL 50/100 Mbps
Good Mobility and Security
Improve Terminal Power Efficiency
Frequency Allocation Flexibility with 1.4,3, 5,
10, 15 and 20 MHz Allocations
WCDMA evolution work to continue
3-4 times higher capacity expected than with
Release 6 HSDPA/HSUPA reference case
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Study Phase
2004: 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term
Evolution
03/2005 Start of the study
12/2005 Multiple Access selected
03/2006 eNB/Core functional split selected
09/2006 Close of the study item & approval of
work plan
Release 8 Stage 3 Output
06/2008 baseline
09/2008 baseline: Major PHY updates.
12/2008 baseline: Major MAC updates.
03/2009 baseline: Major L3 updates.
LTE/EPC Network Elements
Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300

Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

HSS
eNB
Mobility
Management
Entity Policy &
S6a Charging Rule
Function
MME S10
X2
S7 Rx+
MME
S 1- PCRF
S11

S1-U S5/S8 SGi

PDN
LTE-Uu Serving PDN
Evolved Node B
Gateway Gateway
(eNB)
LTE-UE
S-GW /P-GW

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LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface
(E)-RRC User
User PDUs
PDUs .. User
User PDUs
PDUs
LTE-Uu interface
PDCP Air interface of LTE
RLC TS 36.300
Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in
UL
MAC
eNB FDD and TDD duplex methods
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
(FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently
20 MHz
LTE-Uu
X2 interface
X2-UP
(User Plane) Inter eNB interface
X2-CP
(Control Plane) User
User PDUs
PDUs
X2AP: special signalling protocol
TS 36.423 X2-AP GTP-U
Functionalities:
X2 For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate
SCTP UDP TS 36.424
TS 36.422 handover and provide data forwarding.
IP IP
In RRM to provide e.g. load information
TS 36.421 L1/L2 L1/L2 TS 36.421 to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate
interference management
Logical interface: It does not need direct
TS 36.420
site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be
routed via core network as well
eNB

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S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces
S1 interface is divided into two parts: S1-MME
(Control Plane)

NAS
NAS Protocols
Protocols
S1-MME interface MME
TS 36.413 S1-AP
Control interface between eNB and
SCTP
MME TS 36.412
IP
S1AP:S1 Application Protocol eNB L1/L2 TS 36.411
MME and UE will exchange non-
S1-U
access stratum signaling via eNB (User Plane)
through this interface ( i.e. User
User PDUs
PDUs
authentication, tracking area updates)
GTP-U Serving
TS 36.414 Gateway
UDP
S1-U interface
IP
User plane interface between eNB and TS 36.411 L1/L2
serving gateway
Pure user data interface (U=User plane)
TS 36.410
[currently in TS 36.300 19]

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Physical Layer Technologies

Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal FDD Carrier Number of

Frequency Division Multiple Access). Bandwidth Resource
[MHz] Blocks
Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier 1.4 6
Frequency Division Multiple Access).
3 15

5 25
Both FDD and TDD modes available.
10 50

15 75
Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.
20 100

Scalable bandwidth.

FDD with 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Bandwidth

supported in RL20

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 Based upon
Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity 3GPP TS 36.211
(normal cyclic prefix case)

Resource Block (RB)

12 subcarriers

Basic unit of resource

(180 kHz)

12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain

7 symbols long in the time domain
Thus, 84 symbols per resource block
Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon
7 symbols
(0.5 ms)
modulation scheme

Bit Rates per Symbol rate = 168 ksps

Resource Block QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps
16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps
TTI is 1 ms, i.e.
duration of 2 64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps
resource blocks
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Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink

Bit Rates per Resource Block Number of Resource Blocks

Figures in Mbps Channel Bandwidth

1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz

QPSK 2.016 5.040 8.400 16.800 25.200 33.600

16QAM 4.032 10.080 16.800 33.600 50.400 67.200

64QAM 6.048 15.120 25.200 50.400 75.600 100.800

64QAM (22 MIMO) 12.096 30.240 50.400 100.800 151.200 201.600

64QAM (44 MIMO) 24.192 60.480 100.800 201.600 302.400 403.200

These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer,
i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account
Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by
Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels

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LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates
Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz
Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.1 3.5 7.0 10.6 14.1
16QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.1 7.0 14.1 21.2 28.3
16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.2 10.5 21.1 31.8 42.4
64QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.3 9.3 15.7 31.7 47.7 63.6
64QAM 4/4 Single stream 4.3 12.4 21.0 42.3 63.6 84.9
64QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 6.6 18.9 31.9 64.3 96.7 129.1
64QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 8.8 25.3 42.5 85.7 128.9 172.1
64QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO 16.6 47.7 80.3 161.9 243.5 325.1

Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM

Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.0 3.5 7.1 10.8 14.3
16QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.0 6.9 14.1 21.6 28.5
16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.0 10.4 21.2 32.4 42.8
16QAM 1/1 Single stream 2.9 8.1 13.8 28.2 43.2 57.0
64QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.2 9.1 15.6 31.8 48.6 64.2
64QAM 1/1 Single stream 4.3 12.1 20.7 42.3 64.8 85.5
64QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell) 8.6 24.2 41.5 84.7 129.6 171.1

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 LTE UE Categories
All categories support 20 MHz
64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)
2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

Peak rate DL/UL 10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 Mbps

RF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

Modulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

Modulation UL 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM

Rx diversity Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

BTS tx diversity 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx

MIMO DL Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4

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RRM Framework

UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive

Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO
Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, Congestion
Control
eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for
simpler implementation)
RAN scope:Load Balancing, Inter-cell Interference
Coordination
Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE, UMTS
and CDMA2000, inter-RAT HO

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 RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions
Time Scale
Traffic,
Traffic,Channel
Channeland
and 100 s Radio Admission Control
Location Variations
Location Variations

Call Connection Mobility Control

Duration Layer 3
10 s
Load Balancing , Congestion Control RRM
Interhandover
Time Intercell Interference Coordination

1s
Slow
SlowUL
UL UE
Power Control UE
L3 Signaling Power Control DRX/DTX
DRX/DTX
Delay (open/closed
(open/closed Slow UL LA/AMC, Dynamic Control
Loop) Dynamic Control
100 ms Loop) Slow UL LA/AMC, MIMO
Slow MIMO
SlowUL
ULATB
ATB Control
Burst or Packet Control
Duration
Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC)
Channel 10 ms Layer 2
Fading Time RRM
Fast DL AMC

LTE TTI 1 ms Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATB

ATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth
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RRM Framework
Functional Description of the different RRM Modules
Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of
deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers
in the cell
Handover control: is encharged of the mobility control within the LTE
RRM. Based on UE reported events it will select the appropiate target cell
for HO and initiate mobility procedures.
Packet Scheduler: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every TTI and
resource allocation. PS will decide which users are scheduled on a TTI
basis, the location and the amount of resources allocated to each user.
AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensure
radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible.
MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit diversity,
Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes will
be emplyed for every user based on UE feedback
Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration but for UL RRM
will provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce UL
interference.

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RL10 Features RRM/Telecom
LTE70 Downlink adaptive open loop MIMO for two antennas
BTS Site Solution
LTE1 S1/X2 data path management
LTE74 Flexi System Module FSMD
LTE3 S1, X2 and RRC common signaling
LTE86 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 2100
LTE5 Radio bearer and S1 bearer establishment and
LTE88 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 900*
release
LTE99 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1.7/2.1
LTE20 Admission control
LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800*
LTE27 Open loop UL power control and DL power setting
LTE437 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 800EU*
LTE547 Flexi RRH 2 TX 800EU*
LTE28 Closed loop UL power control
LTE76 Flexi BTS legacy MHA Support LTE30 CQI adaption (DL)
LTE94 Feederless Site LTE31 Link adaptation by AMC (UL/DL)
LTE97 Cell range 77 km LTE37 Ciphering
LTE155 Flexi BTS 3rd party MHA Support LTE38 Integrity protection
LTE899 Antenna Line Supervision LTE39 System information broadcast
LTE900 Flexi LTE BTS 40W Power Support LTE40 Physical & transport channels
LTE903 Flexi LTE BTS 60W Power Support LTE41 PDCP, RLC & MAC support
LTE904 Branch Activation in Triple RF Module LTE45 Fair scheduler (UL/DL)
Transport LTE49 Paging
LTE129 Traffic prioritization on Ethernet layer LTE50 UE state management
LTE131 Traffic prioritization on IP layer (Diffserv) LTE51 Cell selection and re-selection
LTE138 Traffic shaping (UL) LTE53 Intra and inter eNB handover with X2
LTE707 Flexi Transport sub-module FTIB LTE69 Transmit diversity for two antennas
LTE710 Synchronization from PDH interface LTE788 Support of 16 QAM (UL)
LTE711 Synchronization from 2.048MHz signal LTE187 Single TX path mode
LTE875 Different IP addresses for U/C/M/S-plan LTE423 RRC connection release with redirect
LTE132 VLAN based traffic differentiation LTE747 Support of UE radio capabilities
LTE134 Timing over Packet LTE749 Link adaptation for PDCCH
LTE713 Synchronous Ethernet LTE761 Advanced target cell selection and handover retry for
intra frequency handover
LTE762 Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA, GSM or
other LTE bands
LTE767 Support of aperiodic CQI reports
LTE43 Support of 64 QAM in DL
LTE793 Support of 16 QAM (DL)
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 RL20 Features
BTS Site Solution RRM/Telecom
LTE113 Cell Bandwidth - 15 MHz LTE2 S1 Flex
LTE447 SW support for RF sharing GSM-LTE LTE4 Multi-Operator Core Network
LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800 LTE7 Support of multiple EPS bearer
LTE104 Flexi RRH 2TX 1800 LTE9 Service differentiation
LTE677 Flexi 1600 MHz RF solution LTE10 EPS bearers for conversational voice
LTE11 Robust header compression
Transport LTE13 Rate capping
LTE140 Ethernet OAM LTE22 Emergency call handling
LTE491 FlexiPacket Radio Connectivity LTE54 Intra-LTE handover via S1
LTE649 QoS aware Ethernet switching LTE55 Inter-frequency handover
LTE564 IPSec on FTIB LTE562 CSFB to UTRAN or GSM via redirect
LTE592 Link Supervision with BFD LTE703 DL adaptive closed loop MIMO for two antennas
LTE775 SCTP multi-homing (MME) LTE819 DL inter-cell interference generation
Operability LTE870 Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/eHRPD
LTE492 ANR LTE914 Graceful cell shut down
LTE185 System Upgrade
LTE475 Automatic iOMS resiliency
LTE559 SW Monitoring Module for LTE Performance Monitoring
LTE830 LTE Automatic Lock LTE805 PM Counter Capacity I
LTE502 Cell Outage triggered reset
LTE163 Subscriber and Equipment Trace
LTE433 Cell Trace
LTE667 LTE User Event Log Management
LTE796 iOMS connectivity increase

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RL30 New Features LTE0570
RRM/Telecom
LTE0042
Periodic UE measurements
Support of DRX in RRC connected mode
LTE0056 Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA
LTE0068 Support of Cell Based Location Service
BTS Site Solution
LTE0426 System Time Broadcast for SIB8
LTE89: Flexi RRH 2TX 2600 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF
LTE0430 DL power boosting for control channels
LTE91: Flexi RRH 2TX 850 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF
LTE0442 Network Assisted Cell Change to GSM
LTE106: 6 Cells support with one System Module
LTE0450 MME capacity value change
LTE452: Flexi RRH 2TX 2100 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF
LTE0473 Extended DRX Settings
LTE614: Distributed Site Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE
LTE0490 Subscriber Profile Based Mobility
LTE921: Flexi 3-sector RF Module 760
LTE0518 Operator specifc QCI
LTE977: RF chaining Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE
LTE0522 S1 Partial Reset
LTE1101: FFCB TRS External Filter for FHCA
LTE0571 Controlled uplink packet segmentation
LTE1106: Flexi low power RRH 850 2TX for optical repeater interface
Operability LTE0572 IMS emergency session
LTE424: Automatic interface alarm correlation
LTE0616 Usage Based PDCCH adaptation
LTE459: LTE Timing Advance Evaluation
LTE0619 Interference aware UL scheduling
LTE482: DNS Support for Certificate Examination
LTE0735 RRC Connection Reestablishment
LTE510: Synchronization of InterRAT Neighbors
LTE0807 Idle Mode Mobility From LTE To CDMA/1xRTTI
LTE533: Mobility Robustness
LTE0829 Increased UL MCS Range
LTE581: PRACH management
LTE0971 Intra-LTE mobility offsets
LTE602: Performance Management Administration
LTE1034 Extended Uplink Link Adaption
LTE644: Configurable cell trace content
LTE1035 Outer Loop Link Adaptation for PDCCH
LTE771: Optimization of neighbor relations Transport
LTE144: Transport admission control
LTE782: ANR Fully UE based Automated Neighbor Relation
LTE574: IP Transport Network Measurements
LTE783: ANR InterRAT UTRAN
LTE931: Ethernet Jumbo Frames LTE Transport
LTE784: ANR InterRAT GERAN Automated Neighbor Relation
LTE866: Fast IP Rerouting
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LTE882:System
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 June, 2011

LTE (FDD) Roadmap Overview

01/2011
2007 2Q/2011
2008 4Q/2011
2009 2Q/12 & 4Q/12
2010

RL20 RL30 RL40 RL50

Quality of Service Network Operations Network Capacity LTE - Advanced
Network & RF Sharing Enhanced IRAT Mobility Smart Phones Carrier Aggregation

Fair & QoS Aware Scheduling
Voice over LTE Solution
Service Differentiation
Rate Capping
Intra LTE Mobility
Inter RAT Mobility (Re-Selection)
Multi-Operator Core Network
Multiple EPS Bearers
CS Fallback
SON-BTS Auto Connectivity
SON-BTS Auto Configuration
SON-Central ANR
SON-Self Healing
Trace Solution
RF Sharing GSM - LTE
QoS Aware Ethernet Switching
Ethernet OAM
Flexi Packet Radio Connectivity
Frequency Bands:
2600, 2100 and 1800 MHz
1700/2100 and 1600 MHz
800EU, 850 and 730 MHz
Interference Aware Scheduling
UE Power Saving (DRX)
Operator Specific QCIs
Subscriber Profile Based Mobility
Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA
NACC to GSM
SON-ANR Fully UE Based
SON-Inter RAT ANR
SON-Optimization Neighbor
Relations
SON-Automatic Alarm Correlation
SON-Mobility Robustness (MRO)
Up to 6 Cells per Flexi BTS
Fast IP Rerouting
Frequency Bands:
760 MHz
Channel Aware Scheduler (UL)
Smart DRX
Smart Admission Control
OTDOA Location Service
CS Fallback Enhancements
SRVCC to WCDMA / GSM
SON-Minimization of Drive Tests
SON Reports
Time Based Power Saving
Flexi Multiradio System Module
Flexi Lite BTS
4-way RX Diversity
Interference Rejection Combining
Synchronization Hub
Frequency Bands:
1900 MHz
900 MHz
MIMO 4x2
Carrier Aggregation 40 MHz
Inter Frequency Load Balancing
Service Based Handover
FDD-TDD Handover
eICIC
SON-Min of Drive Tests (Rel10)
Coverage / Capacity Optimization
Load Based Power Saving
Active Antennas
Multiradio System Sharing
LTE Femto Solution
IPv6 for C/U Plane
Rapid Spanning Tree (RSTP)
RL60
LTE - Advanced
MultiUser- MIMO (DL / UL)
Relays
Multi-Band Radio
Advanced HetNets
Dynamic Traffic Balancing

Available Contract Under Study Item

Planning
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