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Final Presentation IFP 2 February 26, 2003
Final Presentation IFP 2 February 26, 2003
of carbon nanotubes
Client:
• Prof. P.H.L. Notten (Philips / TU/e)
• ir. R.A.H. Niessen (Philips)
Tutor:
• X.E.E. Reynhout
Overview
• Introduction
• Synthesis & Purification
• Overview of applications
• Single nanotube measurements
• Energy storage
• Molecular electronics
• Conclusion and future outlook
Introduction: common facts
• Discovered in 1991 by Iijima
• Unique material properties
• Nearly one-dimensional structures
• Single- and multi-walled
Introduction: nanotube structure
• Roll a graphene sheet in a certain direction:
• Armchair structure
• Zigzag structure
• Chiral structure
•SWNTs / MWNTs
•Aligned nanotubes
•Patterned substrates
Synthesis: arc discharge
• MWNTs and SWNTs • Relatively cheap
• Batch process • Many side-products
Synthesis: laser ablation
• Catalyst / no catalyst
• MWNTs / SWNTs
• Yield <70%
• Impossibilities:
– Completely retain nanotube structure
– Single-step purification
Counter Electrode
Ni OH 2
reduction
NiOOH H +
e -
oxidation
Lithium Electrochemical Model
Lithium Electro Chemical
•Equilibrium saturation
20 min
composition for graphite:
LiC6
10 min
•Ball-milled SWNTs:
Li2.7C6
Lithium Electro Chemical
Etching
•Two types: lengths of 4 and
Voltage [V]
0.5 μm
•Good Crev (Li2.1C6)
•Smaller hysteresis
S e p a ra to r
Molecular electronics
• FEDs
•CNTFETs
•SETs
Field Emitting Devices
Single Emitter
Film Emitter
Field Emitting Devices
Single Emitter
Film Emitter
Field Emitting Devices
Single Emitter
Film Emitter
Patterned Film Field Emitters
•Etching and
lithography
•Conventional CVD
•Soft lithography
Transistor Principle in
CNTFETs
Transistor
CNTFET
Doping of CNTs
Single Electron transistor
Conclusions
• Mass production is nowadays too expensive
• Many different techniques can be applied for
investigation
• Large scale purification is possible
• FEDs and CNTFETs have proven to work
and are understood
• Positioning of molecular electronics is difficult
• Energy storage is still doubtful, fundamental
investigations are needed