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11.ohm's Law
11.ohm's Law
11.ohm's Law
its Applications
&
Uses
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Ohms Law
The Current through an ideal conductor is
proportional to the applied voltage, provided
conditions remains constant
Conductor is also known as a resistor
An ideal conductor is a material whose resistance does not change
with temperature
Voltage:
Energy required to move a charge from one point to another.
- It has units of Volts (V) and is measured using voltmeters.
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Ohmic Resistors
Metals obey Ohms Law linearly so long as their
temperature is held constant
Their resistance values do not fluctuate with
temperature
i.e. the resistance for each resistor is a constant
Cont.
P=VI
P=V2/R
P=I2R
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1 1 1 1
Parallel Circuit ...
Rtotal R R1 R2
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I in I1 I 2 I out
I2 I1
I in I out 0
I2 Iout
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Vin VoltageAcrossEachResistor
Vin V1 V2 ...
Net Voltage for a circuit = 0
V1 V2
V V1 V2
V V1 V2 0
V
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Series Circuit
Current is
constant
Why?
Only one path for the
current to take
V V1 V2 V3
V IR I I1 I 2 I 3
R R1 R2 R3
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Parallel Circuit
V I R
V V1 V2 V3
I I1 I 2 I 3 I1 I 23
Voltage is where I 23 I 2 I 3
constant 1 1 1 1
Why?
R R1 R2 R3
There are 3 closed
loops in the circuit
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The filaments of light bulbs are made of Tungsten, which is a very good
conductor. It heats up easily.
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The light bulb does not have a linear relationship. The resistance
of the bulb increases as the temperature of the bulb increases.
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Conclusion
Ohmic resistors obey Ohms Law linearly
V IR
Resistance is affected by temperature. The
resistance of a conductor increases as its
temperature increases.
Light bulbs do not obey Ohms Law linearly
As their temperature increases, the power dissipated
by the bulb increases
i.e. They are brighter when they are hotter
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Cont.
The relation V=I/R is
used for Ohmic and
non-Ohmic
cnductors. The value
of R is constant for
Ohmic conductors
but not so for non-
Ohmic conductors.
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The Rheostat
It is a device used to Types:
regulate current by 1. Series Rheostat;
alternating either the
resistance of the in this , the rheostat is
current or potential in wired in series with the
the part of the circuit. apparatus. If all the
It consist of a coil of wires in the rheostat
high resistance wire are included in the
wound onto an circuit, resistance is at
insulating block with
each turn insulated its maximum and
from adjacent turns. current at its lowest.
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Thermistors
A thermistor is a heat sensitive device whose resistivity
changes very rapidly with the change of temperature.
The thermistor are usually prepared from the oxides of
Nickle, Iron, Cobalt etc.
These are generally in the form of beats, discs, or rods.
Pair of platinum leads is attached at the two ends of the
electronic connections.
This arrangement is sealed in a small glass bulb
A thermistor can have a resistance in the range of
0.1Ohm to 107 Ohm, depending upon its composition.
A thermistor can be used over a wide range of
temperatures.
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Applications
1. It can be used to detect small temperature
changes.
2. It can be used to safeguard the filament of the
picture tube of television set against the
variation of electric current.
3. It is used in temperature control units of
industry.
4. It is used for voltage stabilization.
5. It is used in the protection of windings of
generators, transformers and motors.
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thnx