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Endocrine System in Maternal Physiology: Dwi Cahya Febrimulya
Endocrine System in Maternal Physiology: Dwi Cahya Febrimulya
Endocrine System in Maternal Physiology: Dwi Cahya Febrimulya
in
Maternal Physiology
GH
Prolactine
Pituitary Oxytocin
Gland ADH
Thyroid
Gland
Adrenal
Gland
3
Pituitary Gland
Anterio GH
r Prolactin
Posteri Oxytocin
or ADH
Pituitary Gland-Growth
5
Hormone
Time Maternal Fetal
First Trimester GH secreted predominantly from
maternal pituitary gland
8 weeks pregnancy GH from placenta
becomes detectable
10 weeks pregnancy Maternal serum values increase
slowly from approximately 3.5
ng/mL
14 to 15 weeks Growth hormone peaks in
amnionic fluid
17 weeks pregnancy Placenta is the principal
source of GH
after 28 weeks plateau at approximately 14
ng/mL
after 36 weeks GH in amniotic fluids
slowly declines at
baseline values
PITUITARY GLAND - PROLACTIN
6
To ensure lactation
it has been suggested that amnionic fluid prolactin impairs the transfer
of water from the fetus into the maternal compartment
As a result structural
similarity, hCG has intrinsic
thyrotropic activity, and
thus, high serum levels
cause thyroid stimulation
1
1
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) increases the secretion of thyrotropin (TSH), which stimulates
the synthesis and secretion of trioiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) by the thyroid gland. T3
and T4 inhibit the secretion of TSH, both directly and indirectly by suppressing the release of TRH.
T4 is converted to T3 in the liver and many other tissues by the action of T4 monodeiodinases.
Some T4 and T3 is conjugated with glucuronide and sulfate in the liver, excreted in the bile, and
partially hydrolyzed in the intestine. Some T4 and T3 formed in the intestine may be reabsorbed.
Thyroid Gland 1
2
the liver
25-hydroxyvitamin
D3
Facilitated by parathyroid hormone and by kidney, decidua,
low calcium and phosphate plasma levels and placenta
and opposed by calcitonin
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
(increased during normal
pregnancy)
TERIMA
KASIH