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Math 15-1 Week 1
Math 15-1 Week 1
Math 15-1 Week 1
OPERATIONS
Week 1
SKILLS OBJECTIVES
1. Determine the size of a given matrix.
2. Identify the row vectors and column vectors of a given
matrix.
3. Perform the arithmetic operations of matrix addition,
subtraction, scalar multiplication and multiplication.
4. Compute the transpose of the matrix.
5. Compute the trace of the matrix.
6. Determine whether the product of two given matrices is
defined.
7. Compute matrix products using row-column method, the
column method and the row method.
8. Express the product of a matrix and a column vector as a
linear combination of the columns of the matrix.
9. Express a linear system as a matrix equation and identify
the coefficient matrix.
For example, the following rectangular array with three rows
and seven columns might describe the number of hours that a
student spent studying three subjects during a certain week:
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers. The numbers in the
array are called the entries in the matrix.
Examples of Matrices
1 2 2
1
(a) 3 0 (b) 2 1 0 3 (c) 0 1
2
1 4 0 0 0
1
(d) (e) 4
3
The size of a matrix is described in terms of the number of rows
and columns it contains. The given matrices have sizes as
follows:
(a) 3x2 (b) 1X4 (c) 3X3 (d) 2x1 (e) 1x1
A matrix with only one column is called a column vector or a
column matrix. The 2x1 matrix (d) is a column matrix. In
general, a column matrix has a size of mx1.
A matrix with only one row is called a row vector or a row
matrix. The 1x4 matrix (b) is a row matrix. In general, a row
matrix has a size of 1xn.
Capital letters are used to denote matrices and lowercase
letters to denote quantities.
2 1 7
A= or C=
3 4 2
Numerical quantities are called scalars.
The entry that occurs in row I and column j of matrix A will be
denoted by thus for a 3x4 matrix , the entries are written
11 12 13 14
as A= 21 22 23 24
31 32 33 34
In general an mxn matrix can be written as
11 12 1
21 22. 2
A=
1 2
When a compact notation is desired , the matrix can be written
as when its important to know the size , or when
the size need not be emphasized.
The letter of the matrix is matched with the letter denoting its
entries, thus for matrix B, the entry is denoted by for the
entry in row i and column j, and for matrix C the entry has a
notation .
The entry in row I and column j of a matrix A is also commonly
denoted by =
5 2
For the matrix A= ,
3 1
()11 =5, ()12 = -2, ()21 = 3, ()22 = 1
tr(A) = 1 + 4 + 6= 11
OPERATIONS ON MATRICES
Consider the matrices
2 1 2 1 2 1 0
A= , B= , C=
3 3 5 3 4 0
No. 17 p. 37
Solve the matrix equation for a, b, c and d.