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Embryonic Mortality in Cattle
Embryonic Mortality in Cattle
Embryonic Mortality in Cattle
Definitions
Occurrence and economic impact
Physiological conditions for pregnancy recognition and
maintenance in cattle
Contributing factors
- suspected non-infectious causes
- most relevant infectious causes
Therapeutic directions
Conclusions
Pregnancy losses in cattle -
definitions
Embryonic mortality loss of pregnancy during
embryonic phase fertilization 42d
Rarely such losses are directly evaluated and defined but can
be considerable:
Je-In Lee and Ill-Hwa Kim. J Vet Sci 2007;8:283-288
Embryonic mortality what is it really that
we are talking about?
The embryonic journey
D0-d42 Embryonic phase
Factors that impair follicular Indirectly through impaired LH BVD, IBR, generalised
growth and quality of the support infections, H. somnus (?)
oocyte
Directly through inflammation of BVD, IBR
ovarian tissues
Factors that impair luteal Indirectly through impaired LH BVD, IBR, mastitis,
function support or activation of endometritis, generalised
precocious luteolysis infections with fever
Directly through inflammation of BVD, IBR
ovarian tissues
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Why manage estrus with Ovsynch type
protocols?
Day 0 Day 7
Day 9
New
GnRH PGF hCG
Receptal/Fertagyl 2.5ml Prosolvin/Cyclix Chorulon 1.500iu
Control 20.6%
GnRH-d0 30.8%
GnRH-d0+d12 35.4%
Dose dependent effect of GnRH analogue on pregnancy
rate of repeat breeder crossbred cows.
S.D. Kharche and S.K. Srivastava. Anim Reprod Sci 2007;99:196201
1 1
Probability of embryo
Probability of embryo
0.8 0.8
survival
survival
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0 0
2 4 6 8 10
2 4 6 8 10 12
Progesterone in m ilk (ng/m l)
Progesterone in m ilk (ng/m l)
1
Probability of embryo
0.8
survival
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Progesterone in m ilk (ng/m l)
We focus more and more on
progesterone and luteal function
concentrations (ng/ml)
Milk progesterone
20
15
pregnant
10 non pregnat
0
d0 d3 d6 d9 d12 d15 d18 d21 d24 d27 d30
Days after AI
hCG GnRH
Progesterone?
Not really so far we do not know the dose and best timing!
FM given on 15th
and 16th day post AI
The therapeutic options