COUNSELING MODEL

(Stage 2)

OLEH:

NASRUDIN SUBHI PhD/K.B.P.A.

PUSAT PENGAJIAN PSIKOLOGI DAN PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA
FAKULTI SAINS SOSIAL DAN KEMANUSIAAN
UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
 Confronting
Points to master:
Identifying discrepancies in a clients
communication.
Confront a client with discrepancies youve
identified.
Explain the purpose of confrontation.
Decide whether confronting is appropriate in the
situation.
 Confronting
Should be:
Gentle
Cautious
Respectful
Nonjudgmental
encouraging the client to explore the discrepancy
Build on a trusting relationship
Increases clients awareness of their own
behavior
 When Identifying Discrepancies
a) Focus on observed
discrepancies.
b) Focus on discrepancies
that are related to
clients strengths as
well as their
limitations.
 When You Confront
a) State the discrepant elements in the clients
message and encourage the client to explore
these discrepancies.
b) Be cautious.
c) Be prepared to explore feelings.
d) Dont use this skill as a means of punishment or
revenge.
e) Your comments shouldnt include accusations,
judgments or solution to problems.
 Use Confrontation
a) To show the client how to recognize
contradictions and resolve them.
b) To help the client identify and resolve
discrepancies.
c) After establishing good relationship with
client
d) Whenever clients behavior is a threat to
them or others
 Use Confrontation
e) When you recognize discrepancies between the
clients words and actions; between the clients
perception and yours; between the clients
message and the way the message is
communicated or between clients personal and
social values.
f) When client exhibits incongruous or
contradictory behavior patterns.
g) When the client employs defensive strategies.
h) When the client sets unrealistic goals.
 Communicating Feelings and
Immediacy
Points to master:
Identify your feelings as you interact with client.
Communicate your feelings to a client.
Decide whether communication of feelings is
appropriate in the situation.
Focus the communication between yourself and a
client on immediate concerns.
Decide when its appropriate to focus an interview
on immediate concerns
 Communicating Feelings and
Immediacy
Communicating feeling is an important aspect
of immediacy.
Immediacy involves attending to issues in the
interview that, if ignored, could interfere with
the relationship or the progress of the
interview.
The ability to recognize your own feelings
increases your ability to identify the feeling of
others.
 When Identifying Your Feelings
a) Identify the feelings
evoked by your
thoughts about the
client is
communicating.
b) Identify the feelings
associated with your
bodily reactions to the
clients message.
 When Communicating Your Feelings
a) Maintain appropriate eye contact and a
relaxed, profesional posture.
b) Communicate your feelings that are relevant
to the topic being discussed.
c) Use an appropriately moderated form of
expression.
 Communicate Feelings
a) When you want to clarify your reactions for
the client, act as a model for the client or
develop a trusting, open relationship with
the client.
b) When your feelings are provoked by an
unbiased response to the clients message.
 When Communicating Immediate
Concerns
a) Focus both on what is being said and also on
what is not being said.
b) Respond in the present tense.
c) Express yourself carefully and sensitively.
d) Be ready to follow up openly and non-
defensively.
Communicate Immediate Concerns To:
a) Promote direct mutual communication.
b) Resolve tensions and discomforts.
c) Focus on and resolve incompatibilities.
d) Clarify the issues concerning trust.
e) Focus on and resolve the clients discrepancy.
f) Resolve circular discussion and client inactivity.
g) Resolve the clients feelings during the initial and
final stages of the interviewing process.
 Self-Disclosing
Points to master:
Self-disclose to a client.
Explain the purpose of self-disclosing.
Decide whether self-disclosing is appropriate in
the situation.
 Self-Disclosing
Self-disclosure is to facilitate clients
understanding of their experiences, thoughts,
feelings and behavior.
Interviewer self-disclosure facilitate client self-
disclosure, create additional trust and instill
hope.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Interviewer Self-Disclosure
Advantages
Facilitate clients understanding of their experiences
Provide information to clients
Help clients resolve issues
Create trust
Instill hope
Disadvantages
Change the focus of the interview
Interrupt the flow of the interview
Threaten the objectivity of the interviewer
When You Self-Disclose
a) Include personel
information relevant to
the clients situation.
b) Focus on your present
circumstances when
possible.
c) Be able to define the
benefit of the
response.
 Self-Disclose
a) Encourage the client to share information
that is personally meaningful.
b) Increases trust between the interviewer and
the client.
c) Enhances the clients ability to share feelings
and personel information.
 Use Self-Disclosure
a) To help the client focus clearly and accurately
on problems and available resources.
b) When your response wont overshadow, deny
or contradict the clients communication.
c) After you have established a good relationship
with the client.
d) In moderation.
 Interpreting
Point to master:
Identify the underlying meaning of the clients
narrative or story.
Formulate an interpretation that enables the client
to view the narrative from an alternative
perspective.
Decide when and how to deliver an interpretation.
Facilitate the clients effective use of an
interpretation.
 An Interpreting Response
a) Is based on the interviewers view of the clients
story.
b) Identifies for the client relationships among
events, patterns of behavior, themes discussed
and the interviewers personel observations of
the client.
c) Encourages the client to consider an alternative
explanation for events, behaviors, feelings,
attitudes or thoughts.
d) Facilitate the development of new alternatives,
more functional behaviors and increased
responsibility.
 When Interpreting
a) Ensure that a facilitative relationship has
been established.
b) Identify the implicit message inherent in the
clients story.
c) Present the implicit message to the client for
consideration.
d) Check the accuracy of the interpretation and
engage the client in meaningful discussion of
the interpretation.
 When Making An Interpreting
Response
a) Deliver the response in a tentative manner.
b) Formulate a response that is only slightly
discrepant from the clients communication.
c) Frame the response positively and avoid
responses that provide excuses for clients.
d) Refrain from projecting biases and values.
e) Ensure there is educate time in the session to
discuss the interpretation.
f) Be prepared for a negative or emotional
response from the client.