PRESENTING

“WATER TREATMENT
PLANT,NIGDI”
 DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL USE OF
WATER AND DISPOSAL
( URBAN AND RURAL )
 Objective :
Water is precious to man and therefore World Health Organization
(WHO) refers to ‘control of water supplies to ensure that they are
pure and wholesome’ as one of the primary objectives of
environmental sanitation. Water may be polluted by physical,
chemical and bacterial agents. Therefore, protected water supply is
a sine quo non of public health of a community. The objective of a
public protected water supply system is to supply safe and clean
water in adequate quantity, conveniently and as economically as
possible.

 Basic Design Considerations :

Projects have to be identified and prepared in adequate detail to
enable timely and properly implementation, considering the Water
Quality and Quantity referring to the present & projected
population.
 Per Capita Supply :
I ) Basic Needs :
Piped water supplies for communities should provide
adequately he following as applicable :
 Domestic needs such as drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, flushing of
toilets, gardening and individual air conditioning .
 Institutional Needs
 Public purposes such as street washing, watering, flushing of
sewers , watering of public parks.
 Industrial and commercial uses including central air conditioning.
 Fire fighting
 Requirement for livestock
 Likely waste amongst all users
 ( II ) Factors Affecting Consumption :

a) Size of city – Larger the size, more the

consumption.

b) Characteristic of population and standard of

living .

c) Industries and Commerce.

d) Climatic Conditions

e) Metering
Quality Standards :
The objective of water works management is to ensure that the
water supplied is free from pathogenic organisms clear,
palatable and free from undesirable taste and odour of
reasonable temperature, neither corrosive nor scale forming and
free from minerals which could produce undesirable
physiological effects. The establishment of minimum standards
of quality for public water supply is of fundamental importance
in achieving this objective. Standards of quality from the
yardstick within which the quality control of any public water
supply has to be assessed.
The evolution of standards for the quality control of public water
supplies has to take into account the limitations imposed by
local factors in the several regions of the country.
The following standards are prescribed.
a) Physical & Chemical quality of drinking water.
b) Bacteriological quality of drinking water.
c) Virological quality of drinking water .
 SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
The origin of all sources of water is RAINFALL.
i ) Surface Waters :
Lakes, Ponds, Impounding Reservoirs, Rivers, Natural Water Courses,
Irrigation Canals, Sea Water & Waste Water Reclamation.
Sewage or other waste waters of the community may be utilized for non
domestic purposes such as water for cooling , flushing lawns , parks etc, fire
fighting and for certain industrial purposes , after giving the necessary
treatment to suit the nature of use .
ii) Ground Water :
a ) General : the zone of Rain water percolating into the ground and
reaching permeable layers ( AQUIFERS ) in saturation constitute ground
water source .
b ) Spring : The discharge of a spring depends on the nature and size of
catchments, recharge and leakage through the subsurface .
PAWANA DAM
RAVET BUND
RAWET-PUNAVALE BUND
AERATION :
a. To remove objectionable tastes and odours.
b. For expulsion of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide.
c. To precipitate iron and manganese present in ferrous and
manganeous state
d. For increasing the dissolved oxygen content of water .
PRE – CHLORINATION :
a. To prevent algal growth in raw water.
b. For destruction of some taste odour producing compounds.
c. For oxidation of iron , manganese and hydrogen sulphide.
d. For aid coagulation.
PLAIN SEDIMENTATION :
a. To separate suspended impurities from water by gravitation.
b. Detension time of one to several days for sedimentation
without subsequent filtration.
c. 3 to 4 hours for sedimentation in conjunction with filters.
CHEMICAL DOSING :
a. For coagulation, flocculation.
b. Disinfection and softening.
c. Algal and corrosion control.
d. For fluoridisation.
FLASH MIXING :
a. To disperse the coagulant evenly in the water.
COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION :
The addition of a coagulant like alum promotes the formation of micro flocs
which are the nuclei for the absorption of turbidity and colour causing
particles . During flocculation the micro floc particles formed during rapid
mixing are brought together to aggregate into larger rapidly settleable flocs
by controlled agitation of water.
PUMP HOUSE AT RAVET
Fine Screen
AERIAL VIEW OF WTP
FILTRATION :
a. To separate the suspended and colloidal impurities in the
water.
b. To produce sparkling and aesthetically attractive water free
from disease producing organisms.
Filters

Grannular Media Water Filters Diatomaceous Earth Filter

Slow Sand Rapid Sand

Gravity Pressure

Declining Rate Constant Rate

BACK WASH :
To clean the filters periodically as and when required by clean
water with gravity or pressure.
POST CHLORINATION :
For disinfection of potable water by the use of gaseous chlorine
or chlorine compounds to destroy bacteria through the
germicidal effects of chlorine may be done at head works /
treatment works and supplemented by additional chlorination in
loose pockets of distribution system.
STORAGE :
a. For buffering fluctuating demands.
b. For emergency storage.
c. For fire fighting.
d. For increasing supply pressures at remote points.
e. For equalizing pressure in distribution system.
f. For equalizing head on pumps.
g. For acting as relief valve.

The various water sources are to be analysed chemically,

bacteriologically and the water treatment methods are
proposed. The cost varies with the number of units proposed for
effective treatment of raw water to conform to the standards of
water for USE.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM :
Pipes system should be designed on a continuous 24
hours supply basis for supplying the ultimate
requirements of water at the minimum residual
pressures for the peak demand. Various controlling and
safety devices are necessary in the system such as
Sluice valves, Air valves, Scour valves etc. The purpose
of the distribution system is to convey wholesome
water to the community / consumer at adequate
residual pressure in sufficient quantity at convenient
points. Water distribution usually accounts for 40 to 70
% of the capital cost of water supply system.

1) Continuous system of W.S.

2) Intermittent system of W.S.
3) House service connections
4) Public Stand Post Basis
 SANITATION PROJECTS

The objective of a public waste water collection and disposal system

is to ensure sewage or excreta and salvage discharged from
communities is property collected, transported , treated to the
required degree and finally disposed of without causing any health or
environmental problems. Waste water disposed systems can either be
on site type or the kind where water - borne waste are disposed off
site into a water body or on land. To keep overall costs down, most
urban systems today are planned as an optimum mix of the two types
depending on various factors.
In designing waste water collection, treatment and disposal systems ,
planning generally begins from the final disposal point going
backwards to give an integrated and optimum design to suit the
topography and the available hydraulic head, supplemented by
pumping it essential. Once the disposal points are tentatively selected,
further design is guided by the following basic design considerations;
Engineering Environmental
Process Cost
 Water Supply and Sanitation Projects in Urban and
Rural Areas
Steps :-
1) Project Preparation .
2) Preparation of Detailed Project Report with cost estimation
of various works.
3) Administration and Technical Sanctions for the projects from
appropriate authorities with financial patterns for Popular
Contribution, Grant – in – aid from state and Central Govt.,
and Loans from various Financial institutions such as LIC,
HUDCO, NABARD, World Bank etc .
4) Implementation Programme
a) Preparation of Schedule of works
b) Draft Tender Papers .
c) NIT – Advertising in newspapers etc .
d) Receipt of offers from agencies .
e) Actual Execution of Works .
f) Completion & Handing Over .
5) Operation & Maintenance – Cost .
6) Financial Implications : - Tax Recovery .
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
 PROCESS CONCEPT
 The river water bears impurities that are not
suitable for industrial process & human
consumption. The conceptual approach of
treatment includes removal of coarse solids,
settle able , suspended particles, colloids,
dissolved in organisms. The water emanating
after treatment is safe for uses in process &
human consumption. The salient unit
processes involved within the scope of
treatment are:
a) Aeration By means of cascade Aerators.

b) Coagulation with chemical addition in flash mixer.

c) Flocculation & clarification in clariflocculator.

d) Filtration in rapid gravity filters.

e) Chlorination for disinfections (Pre & post

chlorination)
 AREATION FOUNTAIN
 It is the process of
bringing water in
intimate contact with
air there by the water
absorbs oxygen from
air. The various
method are.
 By air diffusion
 By trickling bed
 By using spray
Nozzles
 By using cascade.
 CLARIFLOCULATOR
 When a coagulant
is added to water,
the precipitating
solids remains
finely divided unless
they are
agglomerated into
well developed
flocks by way of
gentle agitation.
 FILTER BED
 The suspended &
colloidal matter in the
river water is reduced to
consistently normal
proportion by
coagulation.,
flocculation and
clarification treatments.
 The final purification is
effected by passing the
treated water through
rapid gravity sand filter.
PIPE LINE GALLERY,
FILTER HOUSE
CHEMICAL HOUSE
WATER DISTRIBUTION TANK
Water Distribution Network in PCMC
 SEMINAR PRESENTED BY

 APURVA PAWAR
 ALPESH PATIL
 AMRUTA
 OMKAR RATHI
 SACHIN VARMA