PRINCIPLES OF

PSYCHOLOGY
MID-TERM
PSYCHOLOGY

Study of human mind and behavior, along with all

characteristics, habits and tendencies
PERSONALITY
The sum of total ways in which an individual reacts and interacts
with others
the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an
individual's character.

Personality development is the pattern of thoughts, feelings, and

behaviors that distinguish individuals from one another.
PERSONALITY

FACTORS
IT INCLUDES (DETERMENINANTS) TYPES
1. NATURE 1. HEREDITY (GENES) EXTROVERTED VS INTROVERTED
2. BEHAVIOUR 2. ENVIRONMENT (MAHAUL) SENSING VS INTUITIVE
3. CHARACTER 3. SITUATION (CHACHA THINKING VS FEELING
GUSSA)
4. THINKING PATTERN JUDGING VS PERCEIVING
4. CULTURE (POINT OUT)
5. TRAITS
5. FAMILY AND SOCIAL
6. FEATURES BACKGROUND (FAMILY
INFLUENCE)
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1. STRUCTURALISM
Started in 1876
Wilhelm Wundt,He gave the first concept of psychology laboratory,
and his follower EDGAR (GERMANS). They said psychology
Is study of MIND.
It talks about mind internally (chemical changes in mind).
6 SCHOOLS OF THOUGHTS IN PSYCHOLOGY

2. FUNCTIONALISM
John Angell , John Dewey late : 19th century in the US
It talks about function of mind but externally. They believed
External environment and situations controls peoples behavior and mind.
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3. BEHAVIOURISM
JOHN B WATSON
how environmental factors (called stimuli) affect observable behavior (response).
-Problems faced was people can fake their behavior while tests.
6 SCHOOLS OF THOUGHTS IN PSYCHOLOGY

4. HUMANISM
ABRAHAM MASLOW in 1968
His concept was to look at human behavior not only through the eyes of
the observer, but also through the eyes of the person doing the behaving.

Problems faced: Humanism ignores the unconscious mind.

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5. ALTRUISIM
Auguste Comte in the 19th Century

Altriuism is the principle or practice of concern for the welfare of

others.

-SELFLESNESS
6 SCHOOLS OF THOUGHTS IN PSYCHOLOGY

6. PSYCHO ANALYSIS (MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

Sigmund Freud 20th Century
Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis,

A method for treating mental illness and also a theory which

explains human behavior.

- His concept was that every human emotion is at war with each
other at the same time.
3 types of Consciousness

1.Conciousness: the normal state of being awake and able to

understand what is right and what is wrong.

2.Sub-Conciousness: When one is not fully aware about his actions

and feelings.

3.Unconsiousness: the part of the mind that is inaccessible to the

conscious mind but that affects behavior and emotions.
LEARNING:
The permanent change in behavior that occurs with experience and
practice.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE LEARNING

1. INTELLIGENCE 6. MOTIVATION
2. INTEREST 7. EMOTIONAL HEALTH
3. MENTAL HEALTH 8. CONCENTRATION
4. PHYSICAL HEALTH 9. STRESS
5. APTITUDE (God Gifted) 10. PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
COMMON PSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDERS AND DISEASES
1. ANXIETY: A state in which you get nervous and excited at the same time while waiting for
an outcome of something.(5 mins before the paper arrives)

2. STRESS: A state in which you panic due to the outcome of something you already know.

3. DEPRESSION: A state in which a person never thinks positive due to some circumstances.

4. CONFLICT : Regression after you have done something BAD.

5. FRUSTRATION: If you fail to achieve something while youve constantly worked for it.
MOTIVATION
A reason for acting or behaving in a particular way.
POSITIVE MOTIVATION (REWARD)
Positive motivation is the type of
motivation a person feels when he
expects a certain reward. An
example of Positive motivation is
when a father tells his son, "if you
studied well and got high grades i will
buy you the new play station".
NEGATIVE MOTIVATION (PUNISHMENT)
Negative motivation is the type of feeling
a person gets when he expects
punishment. An Example of negative
motivation could be telling your child "if
you didn't study, i wont let you travel this
summer"
Neuro-Linguistic Programming

Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is an approach to

communication, personal development, and psychotherapy .

created by Richard Bandler and John Grinder in California, United

States in the 1970s.