KLINIK

PREKLINIK
 Physio:
Fungsi
Pathos: organisme Logos:
Penderitaan/sakit Sistem/ilmu

Patho
physio
logy
Studi sistematis mengenai perubahan fungsi serta
mekanismenya yang berlangsung di dalam sel, jaringan, dan
organ oleh karena penyakit dan/atau injury.
 Pathophysiology is a modern integrative
biomedical science founded on basic and clinical
research that is concerned with the mechanisms
responsible for the initiation, development, and
treatment of pathological processes in humans
and animals.

International Society for Pathophysiology (1998)

 Patologi

Genetik dan
Imunologi

Epidemiologi
House of Medicine
Neurology
Ceiling plate
Gynekology and Obtetrics
Surgery
Internal medicine
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Pathology Pharmacology Microbiology

walls

PHYSIOLOGY
Base plate

Anat Biol Histol Bioch Chem Biophys

Foundations
Pemahaman logic of life
dalam kondisi patologis

Pemahaman Substansi
Kesehatan

Memahami Mekanisme
Penyakit
 Outcome of Disease
The course of a disease varies. An acute disease has
relatively sudden onset and lasts for a short term,
whereas a chronic disease, sometimes begins with an
acute phase, usually lasts for a long period of time. There
are generally three types of outcomes for a disease.

Complete recovery

Incomplete recovery
Outcome
Death
 Complete recovery
This is best outcome of a disease. In this case, the
pathologically altered metabolism, structure and
function are perfectly restored, and the symptoms
and signs of the disease disappear entirely.

Incomplete recovery
The main symptoms disappear but some pathological
changes are left behind, namely sequela. Sequela is
generally brought about by the compensatory response
to maintain a relatively normal activity.
Death
The cessation of heart-beats and breath
is used as the criterion of death of a body.
Traditionally death

agonal stage
stage of clinical death
stage of biological death

Brain death

The functions of cerebrum and brain stem stop forever.

 Criteria for brain death
irreversible coma.
cessation of spontaneous respiration.
norpurposeful movement.
absence of cephalic reflexes.
absence of any electric activity of the brain.
absence of cerebral circulation.
Model konseptual Patofisiologi Observasi Aksi
 InvestigasiRencana Th/ Evaluasi
DD/ Manifestasi Klinis
Tanda dan Gejala Klinis
Mengelompokkan
Mengenali Gejala

Mahasiswa Mempelajari Secara Klinis

Patfis is Open
and Tolerant
Mind
Lingkungan
Sosial
Personal Belief
Fakta
Keilmuan:
Objektif

Konsepsi
Sehat
dan
Sakit
Patofisiologi memerlukan Bukti Deskriptif
dan komponen evaluatif berdasarkan
penderitaan sakit yang dialami dan bahasa
yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan
keadaan tersebut
 Tubuh

Otak

Kultural Roh
 Structure of pathophysiology
1. General pathophysiology

2. Special /organs, systems/ pathophysiology

1. General pathophysiology content

It deals with general pathologic processes, and
pathomechanisms: -thay are involved in pathogenesis of more than
one disease. It also contain explanation of some basic medical terms

Examples of general pathological processes

inflammation, fever, hyperthermia, hypothermia, shock,
stress, edemas, disturbances of control mechanisms,
hyperreactivity, hyporeactivity, damage of genetic
information....


Incresed predisposition to onset of disease

(diathesis, athopy) due to genetic
or/and environmental factors
 Essential terminology
a) Nosology /nosos = disease; logos = science/
Systematically describes the specific type of disease and this is
the base for creation classification system of diseases

b) Etiology of disease /aiti = cause/

Deals with noxae (causes) which are involved in disease onset and
with conditions under which the causes are able to induce disease
processes
(Oposit - etiology of health: deals with factors which promote
the health)

c) Pathogenesis /pathos = pain, suffering, distress, genesis - onset/

Deals with mechanisms involved in disease onset and diseases
development (pathomechanisms)
d) Sanogenesis /sanos = health/
Deals with mechanisms involved in recovery from
disease to health

e) Semiology /smeion = sign, symptom/

Deals with symptoms and signs of diseases
Symptoms subjective feeling of disease
Signs objective parameters of changed functions and
structures of body systems

f) Tanatogenesis /thanatos = death/

Deals with processes leading to death
2. Special pathophysiology - is devoted to analysis and
explanation of pathomechanisms involved in functional
disturbances of the organs and systems of the organism:
Content of special pathophysiology:
hematologic disorders
disorders of cardiovascular system
dysfunctions of respiratory system
disorders of uropoietic system
neurologic disorders
dysfunctions of of endocrine system
metabolic disorders
disorders of reproductive system
dysfunctions of of GIT
SPECIAL SECTIONS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Clinical pathophysiology /clinical physiology/

Space pathophysiology
Experimental pathophysiology
Pathophysiology of extreme - events
Ocupational pathophysiology and PaPhy of sports

Adaptation pathophysiology
Cellular and molecular pathophysiology
REMARKS TO PATHOGENESIS
Pathogenesis of disease processes can not be
reduced to only quantitative changes of structures,
functions and mechanisms presenting in healthy
people

Itis necessary to take into account development

of qualitatively new processes, which are harmful
for the body structure and functions

One example of such new pathologic mechanism is vicious

circle (a complex of events that reinforces itself through a feedback loop toward greater
instability)
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Om Ganteng
Tante Cantikk.