GSM System Optimisation: Section Two OMC Statistics

GSM System
Optimisation
Section Two
OMC Statistics
Presentation Outline
• Raw Counters Available

• List of Statistics Available
• Definition of Statistics
• Application of Statistics in Network Lifecycle
• Daily and Weekly Analysis of Statistics
• Presentation of Statistics
• Summary
 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 2

Company Confidential
Objectives
• At the end of this course, attendees will:

– Understand the various grade-of-service statistics
– Understand the raw statistics used in computing the grade-of-service
parameters
– Have an appreciation for methods of analysing OMC data for daily
optimisation
– Have an appreciation of methods of presenting information to Planning
& Design Departments
– Understand the need for visual display of statistics and trending

Why Compute GOS Statistics?
• To assess and perform a quality health check on the network

on a weekly, monthly, quarterly, bi-annual and annual basis
– Key subscriber parameters such as Call Success Rate, Handover
Success rate and RF Loss Rate are analysed
• To establish traffic projections for future growth of network
• For day-to-day optimisation of the network to prevent customer
churn and migration to other networks

Raw Counters Available
• Raw counters available can be divided into:
– Connection Establishment Statistics
• Includes counters which are pegged when a signalling channel or traffic channel
is required
– TCH Assignment Statistics
• Includes counters which are pegged when a TCH assignment is required
– Handover Statistics
• Includes counters which are pegged when an intra cell, intra-BSC or inter BSC
handover is attempted whether successful or not
– Usage and Congestion Statistics
• Includes counters which are pegged to indicate cell usage and congestion
– Call Clearing Statistics
• Includes counters that are pegged for normal and abnormal clearing of calls

• Connection Establishment Statistics

STATISTICS STATISTICS STATISTICS
ACCESS_PER_AGCH CHAN_REQ_MS_BLK OK_ACC_PROC_IMSI_DET
ACCESS_PER_PCH CONN_REFUSED OK_ACC_PROC_PAGE_RSP
ACCESS_PER_RACH CONN_REQ_TO_MSC OK_ACC_PROC_SUC_RACH
ALLOC_SDCCH OK_ACC_PROC_CM_REEST PAGE_REQ_FROM_MSC
ALLOC_SDCCH_FAIL OK_ACC_PROC_CM_SERV PAGE_REQ_FROM_MSC_FAIL
CHAN_REQ_MS_FAIL OK_ACC_PROC_LOC_UPD INV_EST_CAUSE_ON_RACH
• TCH Assignment Statistics
STATISTICS STATISTICS
MA_CMD_MS MA_FAIL_FROM_MS
ALLOC_TCH MA_REQ_FROM_MSC
ALLOC_TCH_FAIL MA_REQ_FROM_MSC_FAIL
MA_CMD_MS_BLKD TOTAL_CALLS

• Handover Statistics
STATISTICS STATISTICS STATISTICS (INTER BSC HO)
(INTRA CELL HO) (INTRA BSC HO)
INTRA_CELL_HO_REQ OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_REQ OUT_INTER_HO_REQ
INTRA_CELL_HO_ATMPT OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_ATMPT OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_ATMPT
INTRA_CELL_HO_SUC OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_SUC OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_SUC
INTRA_CELL_HO_LOST_MS IN_INTRA_BSS_HO_SUC IN_INTER_BSS_HO_SUC
MA_CMD_MS OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_LOST_MS OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_LOST_MS
ALLOC_TCH ALLOC_TCH ALLOC_TCH
ALLOC_TCH_FAIL ALLOC_TCH_FAIL ALLOC_TCH_FAIL
CLR_REQ_MSC OUT_HO_CAUSE_ATMPT OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_RETURN
MA_FAIL_FROM_MS OUT_HO_CAUSE_ATMPT
HO_REQ_MSC_OK
HO_REQ_MSC_FAIL

• Usage and Congestion Statistics

SDCCH_CONGESTION TCH_USAGE
SMS_INIT_ON_SDCCH TCH_CONGESTION
BUSY_SDCCH SMS_INIT_ON_TCH
BUSY_TCH_MAX
• Call Clearing Statistics

CALLS_QUEUED CLR_REQ_TO_MSC
CIPHER_MODE_FAIL RF_LOSSES_TCH
RF_LOSSES_SDCCH

List of Statistics Available
• General Statistics
– Call Volume (CV)
– Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR)
– Call Drop Rate (CDR)
– Assignment Success Rate (ASR)
– Handover Success Rate (HSR)
– Handover Failure Rate (HFR)
• Congestion Statistics
– SDCCH Congestion Key (SD CONG)
– TCH Congestion Key (TCH CONG)
– SUP Congestion (Setup Congestion)
– Congestion Attempts

List of Statistics Available
• RF Environment Statistics
– TCH RF Loss Rate (RF_TCH_LOSS)
– SDCCH RF Loss Rate (RF_SDCCH_LOSS)
– Erlangs Handled (TCH_USAGE)
– Maximum TCH Slots Used (MAX_TCH_BUSY)
– Maximum TCH Slots Available (AVL_TCH)

Sample Statistics
Call volume of a cell by
cell basis Dropped Call Rate per cell 1 Hr Period of
Measurement

Definition of Statistics
• Call Volume
– Represents the total number of call attempts to the cell
– Computed on a cell by cell basis
– Gives an indication of the total number of calls that can be billed by
the operator
– By trending this parameter, the optimisation engineer will have a clear
indication of the suitability of this cell for service
• Very low call volume indicates that cell may be used in desert areas for coverage
only or, if located in urban areas, cell is not necessary
• Progressive high call volume will trigger the need for more TRXs or more sites

Call Volume Per Cell
Call volume of a cell by
cell basis
Also
Notenote that it that
however doesthe
notlargest
alwayscall
correspond withnot
volume does thealways
largest
Erlang figurewith
correspond supported during
the largest this hour
number of measurement
of TCH assignments

• Call Setup Success Rate
– It is the probability of a subscriber being able to setup a call but not
necessarily make a call
– The call has to be assigned an SDCCH and then a voice channel or TCH
TOTAL _ CALLS
CSSR = [ ] × 100%
OK _ ACC _ PROC _ CM _ SERV _ REQ _ CALL + CM _ SERV _ REQ _ EMERG + CM _ REEST + PAGE _ RSP + SMS _ INIT _ ON _ SDCCH
– The call setup success rate depends depends upon a counter which is
incremented immediately after the network has successfully allocated an
SDCCH and the ciphering and authentication processes have been
successfully completed.
– It does not measure call completion rate and is therefore always higher
than actual call success rate.

• Call Drop Rate
– The dropped call rate defines the ratio of the number of calls which are
terminated from the network to the number of call attempts
– This represents the most important parameter for optimisation
– It is not defined as the ratio of dropped calls to total TCH allocation
attempts
RF _ LOSS _ TCH + O _ INTRA _ BSS _ HO _ LOSS + O _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ CLR

DROPPED CALLS = [ ] × 100
TOTAL _ CALLS + IN _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ SUC + IN _ INTRA _ BSS _ HO _ SUC
ABSOLUTE NO. OF DROPPED CALLS

CUSTOMER EXPERIENCED DROP RATE = [ ] × 100
CALL _ VOLUME

Call Drop Rate
Call Drop Rate

• Assignment Success Rate
– Defines the ratio of the number of TCH assignments made by a cell to
the required number of TCH assignments at the start of calls and
during handover

Assignment Success Rate
Assignment Success Rate

• Handover Success Rate
– Represents the handovers that were successful as a percentage on a
cell basis
– It is the ratio between raw statistics of successful handovers due to an
intra-cell, intra BSC and inter BSC and the number of attempts for
each of these handovers that were pegged
OUT _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ SUC + INTRA _ CELL _ HO _ SUC + OUT _ INTRA _ BSS _ HO _ SUCC
HSR = [ ] × 100 %
OUT _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ ATMPT + INTRA _ CELL _ HO _ ATMPT + OUT _ INTRA _ BSS _ HO _ ATMPT

• Handover Failure Rate
– Indicates in percentage the handovers attempted but which failed on a
destination cell and did not re-establish on the original cell
– Counter is incremented on the destination cell
– It is the ratio between the raw statistics of handovers and the total number
of attempts that were made.
INTRA _ CELL _ HO _ LOST _ MS + OUT _ INTRA _ BSS _ HO _ LOST _ MS + OUT _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ ATMPT - DELTA
HFR = [ ] × 100%
OUT _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ ATMPT + INTRA _ CELL _ HO _ ATMPT + OUT _ INTRA _ BSS _ HO _ ATMPT
– Where
DELTA = OUT _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ SUC + OUT _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ RETURN
– Note that HSR + HFR  100% because some handovers attempts result in
dropped calls

• SDCCH Congestion Key (SD CONG)
– Represents in percentage the SDCCH congestion on a cell by cell basis
– It is the ratio of the failures in allocating an SDCCH to the total number of
bids that was attempted
– This parameter will include congestion during handovers if an SDCCH
handover is enabled for cells
ALLOC _ SDCCH _ FAIL

SD CONG KEY = [ ] × 100%
ALLOC _ SDCCH + ALLOC _ SDCCH _ FAIL
– The SDCCH congestion key is usually high in the LAC area borders.
Cells at the border may therefore require additional signalling channels.

SDCCH Usage
• IMSI Attach and Detach
Network
• Location updates during idle and dedicated modes
LAC 1
LAC 2

SDCCH Usage
• Handovers, if enabled
Macro
Micro
handover
Service
Macro

SDCCH Usage
Emergency
SMS Number Dialling
and Service
Supplementary Services
• Call forward
• Call barring

• TCH Congestion Key
– Indicates TCH congestion as a percentage and is computed on a cell
by cell basis
– This includes all attempts at TCH assignments immediately after call
setup and at TCH handover during calls
– It is always higher than the Setup (SUP) congestion key which
indicates the congestion only at call setup
ALLOC _ TCH _ FAIL

TCH CONG KEY = [ ] × 100%
ALLOC _ TCH + ALLOC _ TCH _ FAIL

TCH Congestion Key
TCH Congestion Key

TCH Congestion Key
• Cells may go into TCH congestion due to the following:
– Large increase in traffic due a festival or other event taking place
– Hardware radio failure in same cell
– Hardware radio failure in adjacent cell
– High SDCCH Congestion in same or adjacent cell
– Calls being established on or maintained on cells which are “dragging”

TCH Congestion Key
• Tracking Problems
– If high TCH congestion exists, by examining the BUSY_TCH_MAX
counter, we can establish how many timeslots have been used.
– We can also examine the AVL_TCH counter to give an indication of
how many timeslots are available.
– If BUSY_TCH_MAX is very much less than AVL_TCH, but congestion
is high, then there is a high probability of radio failure
– If SUP Congestion is low, but TCH congestion is high, then too many
handovers may be occuring

• SUP Congestion (Setup Congestion)
– SUP Congestion key is an indication of failure in the assignment of
TCH.
– It provides customer-experienced congestion for traffic channels
because it is triggered every time a call is blocked after the call setup
phase.
– It can be used to monitor the diffference between handover blocking
and “starting calls” blocking.

SUP Congestion Key
SUP Congestion Key

• SDCCH RF Loss Rate
– Ratio of terminations on the SDCCH because of radio link loss in
relation to transactions established on an SDCCH
RF _ LOSSES _ SDCCH
SDCCH _ RF _ LOSS Rate (%) = × 100%
OK _ ACC _ PROC _ CM _ SERV + OK _ ACC _ PROC _ CM _ REEST
+ OK _ ACC _ PROC _ PAGE _ RSP + OK _ ACC _ PROC _ LOC _ UPD
+ OK _ ACC _ PROC _ IMSI _ DET + OK _ ACC _ PROC _ SMS
+ OK _ PROC _ EMERG

• TCH RF Loss Rate (RF_TCH_LOSS)
– Indicates as a percentage the ratio of calls that were terminated
because of a radio link loss in relation to calls that have already been
allocated a TCH
– Counters are incremented if the link is lost due to coverage deficiency
or due to interference
– Counters are not incremented due to congestion
RF _ LOSSES _ TCH
TCH _ RF _ LOSS Rate (%) = [ ] × 100%
TOTAL _ CALLS + IN _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ SUC + IN _ INTRA _ BSS _ HO _ SUC

• Erlangs Handled (MAX_ERL)
– Indicates the cell usage in 1 hour
– The raw statistic TCH_USAGE is used to calculate the cell usage in
Erlangs
MAX _ ERL = (TCH _ USAGE(m sec) / 1000 / 3600)
– Gives a very clear indication of the effectiveness of a cell in taking up

traffic within the busy hour
• Max TCH Slots Used (MAX_TCH_BUSY)
– This gives an indication of the maximum slots used during the busy
hour


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GSM System

• Raw Counters Available

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 2

• At the end of this course, attendees will:

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 3

• To assess and perform a quality health check on the network

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 4

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 5

• Connection Establishment Statistics

• TCH Assignment Statistics

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 6

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 7

• Usage and Congestion Statistics

• Call Clearing Statistics

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 8

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 9

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 10

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 11

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 12

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 13

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 14

RF _ LOSS _ TCH + O _ INTRA _ BSS _ HO _ LOSS + O _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ CLR

ABSOLUTE NO. OF DROPPED CALLS

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 15

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 16

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 17

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 18

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 19

DELTA = OUT _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ SUC + OUT _ INTER _ BSS _ HO _ RETURN

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 20

ALLOC _ SDCCH _ FAIL

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 21

• Location updates during idle and dedicated modes

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 22

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 23

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 24

ALLOC _ TCH _ FAIL

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 25

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 26

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 27

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 28

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 29

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 30

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 31

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 32

MAX _ ERL = (TCH _ USAGE(m sec) / 1000 / 3600)

– Gives a very clear indication of the effectiveness of a cell in taking up

 2001 Freshfield Communications Limited. Slide 33

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