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Basic Structural Dynamics I: Wind Loading and Structural Response - Lecture 10 Dr. J.D. Holmes
Basic Structural Dynamics I: Wind Loading and Structural Response - Lecture 10 Dr. J.D. Holmes
Basic Structural Dynamics I: Wind Loading and Structural Response - Lecture 10 Dr. J.D. Holmes
Topics :
Revision of single degree-of freedom vibration theory
mx - kx cx
mx cx kx 0
equation of motion
Basic structural dynamics I
Single degree of freedom system :
Example : mass-spring-damper system :
c
m
x
c
Ratio of damping to critical c/cc :
2 mk
m
x(t)
Equation of motion : mx kx 0
1 k 1
Undamped natural frequency : n1
2 m 2
2 1
Period of vibration, T : T
1 n1
kx mx
mx is an equivalent static force (inertial force)
Basic structural dynamics I
Single degree of freedom system :
Free vibration following an initial displacement :
c
m
x
Initial displacement = Xo
2
2
k X0
1
2
C tan
m 1- 2 1- 2
Basic structural dynamics I
Single degree of freedom system :
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
amplitude
0.2
0
-0.2 0 1 2 3 4 5
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
time/T
Basic structural dynamics I
Single degree of freedom system :
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
amplitude
0.2
0
-0.2 0 1 2 3 4 5
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
time/T
Basic structural dynamics I
Single degree of freedom system :
Response to sinusoidal excitation :
c
F(t) m
Frequency of
excitation
k
Equation of motion :
mx cx kx F(t) Fo sint
1.0
0 1 2 3 4
=0.5
0.1
n/n1
F0
At n/n1 =1.0, H(n1) = 1/2 x
Then, max 2k
Basic structural dynamics II
c
F(t) m
Variance of displacement :
2
x2 S x (n) dn (1/k) 2 . H(n) .S F (n) dn
0 0
Basic structural dynamics II
Response to random excitation :
Special case - constant force spectral density SF(n) = So for all n (white
noise):
2 2
1 1
2
x 2 .S o
1
H(n) dn .S 0 dn
k k n 2
2
2
0 0 n
1 n 4 2
1 n1
2
1 n S
x2 . 1 o
k 4