OMF000503 Traffic Statistics Analysis ISSUE1.5

OMF000503
Traffic Statistics Analysis

ISSUE 1.5
Wireless
Wireless Curriculum
Curriculum Development
Development Section
Section
Course Contents
Brief introduction to BSC traffic statistics
Often-used traffic statistics items analysis
Locate problem through traffic analysis
Case study for traffic statistics

Main Structure of Traffic Statistics System
BM1
Call process data
BM data BM
Hardware data
Signaling data
AM/CM
BAM
HUB OMC SERVER
WS1 ¡ ¡ WSn
3
Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics
 Advanced global Preset counters design

 Once the host starts, the global counters begin to work at
measurement point constantly and automatically without manual
intervening.
 Abundant and powerful statistics functions
Menu Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics
 Task list management

 BSC traffic statistics platform provide the function of registering
new task, deleting registered task and refreshing task list.
 Task management
 BSC traffic statistics platform provide the function of modifying
task name, modifying statistic period of permanent task, hanging
up task, activating task, querying task information, querying task
result and querying task running state.
 Template management
 Template management provides the function of Defining item
template, object template, time template, userdefined statistic
items and refreshing all templates.
 Exercises
 The traffic measurement task is registered using the BSC traffic
statistics console, the maximum number of task of each module is
200. What is the maximum number of subtasks each module.
 Answer:
The correct answer is 1000. Because of the system

resource limit, The maximum number of task and subtask
for each module are 200 and 1000 respectively. And one
task can only include 60 original items.
Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item
 TCH Blocking Rate

 TCH Blocking Rate (excluding handover) = (TCH seizure failures
for call + TCH seizure failures for very early assignment) /
(attempted TCH seizures + attempted TCH seizures for very early
assignment) * 100%
 TCH Blocking Rate

 TCH Blocking Rate (including handover) = (TCH seizure failures
for call + TCH seizure failures for very early assignment + TCH
seizure failures for intra BSC incoming cell handover (no radio
resource) + TCH seizure failures for inter BSC incoming cell
handover (no radio resource) ) / (attempted TCH seizures (all) +
attempted TCH seizures for very early assignment + attempted
TCH seizures for intraBSC incoming cell handover + attempted
TCH seizures for interBSC incoming cell handover) * 100%
 SDCCH Blocking Rate

 SDCCH Blocking Rate = times of attempted seizures meeting an
SDCCH blocked state / attempted SDCCH seizures (all) * 100%
 TCH Call Drop Rate

 TCH Call Drop Rate = TCH Call Drops / Successful TCH
Seizures (all) *100%
 SDCCH Call Drop Rate
 SDCCH Call Drop Rate = SDCCH call drops / successful SDCCH
seizures (all) *100%
 Radio Link Call Setup Successful Rate

 Radio Link Call Setup Successful Rate =(1TCH Blocking Rate) *
(1SDCCH Blocking Rate)
 Note: A key index that show the performance of radio service.

 Handover Successful Rate

 inter Cell Handover Success Rate = (Successful incoming
internal inter cell handovers + Successful incoming interBSC
inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing internal inter cell
handovers + Successful outgoing interBSC inter cell
handovers) / (Attempted incoming internal inter cell handovers+
Attempted incoming interBSC inter cell handovers + Attempted
outgoing internal inter cell handovers + Attempted outgoing
interBSC inter cell handovers) *100%

 Inter Cell Radio Handover Success Rate =(Successful Incoming
Internal Inter Cell Handovers + Successful Incoming InterBSC
Inter cell Handovers + Successful Outgoing Internal Inter Cell
Handovers + Successful Outgoing InterBSC Inter Cell
Handovers) / (Incoming Internal Inter Cell Handovers + Inter
BSC Incoming Cell Handovers + Outgoing Internal Inter Cell
Handovers + Inter BSC Outgoing Cell Handovers) * 100%
Exercise
 Exercise
 Write down the key items of the network
 Answer: The most important items for the network are: call drop
rate, TCH congestion rate, SDCCH congestion rate, outgoing and
incoming handover success rate, traffic volume etc.
 MTP Measurement Function  BSC Measurement Function

 Cell Measurement Function  SCCP Measurement
 Power control Measurement Function
 Call  Ainterface Operation and

Drop Measurement
 Site
management statistic
Initialization Measurement
 Ainterface Equipment
Function
 BSC
Maintenance statistic
Cell Broadcast
 Ainterface Trunk Board
Measurement Function
message statistic
 CPU Measurement Function
 BTS Initial Measurement  Defined Adjacent Cell

 Cell Broadcast Statistic Measurement Function
 Outgoing  Receiving Quality Measurement

Inter cell handover
Measurement Function  Receiving Level Measurement
 Incoming Inter cell handover Function
Measurement Function  UpDown Link Balance
 Undefined Adjacent Cell Measurement Function
Measurement Function  LAPD Link Measurement
 GPRS Related Function
Measurement Function  Cell Frequency Scan
Course Contents
Regular traffic statistics items analysis

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis
 Systematical architecture
 From upper to bottom
 From whole to local
 Integrality
 Observe the change trend of the item for more than one week
and the changed trend of each day.
 Relativity
 Relationship between all kinds of traffic statistics items

 Analysis process
 First we shall analyze and compare the item of BSC
measurement function to have a roughly acknowledgement for
the whole network.
 During analyzing, if any important items (such as call drop rate or
handover successful rate) are abnormal, we shall do further
detailed analysis for the corresponding items.
 Analysis process
 Check the cell that has abnormal items (call drop, congestion,
handover failure and so on).
 Base on whole percentage and absolute times (call drop,
congestion, handover failure and so on), decide whether do some
further analysis or not.
 Circuit paging (Ainterface) successful rate

 Immediate assignment successful rate
 TCH call drop rate
 TCH and SDCCH blocking rate
 Handover successful rate
 Interference band

 Relate to “ATT ”, coverage area and random access
performance.
 Relate to the paging resend mechanism implemented by BSC
or MSC.


 When BTS receives Random Access message from MS, BTS will
apply channel from BSC. If there is no channel available, BSC
will send immediate assignment rejected message which
indicates the failure of immediate assignment. At the same time,
MS’s access will be bared for some time.
 The interference and collision of random access will affect
immediate assignment successful rate.

 Causes of TCH call drop

 TCH lost radio connections (Connection failure).
 TCH lost radio connections (Error indication).
 Ground link disconnection when TCH seized (Abis).
 Call drop during handover
 TCH call drop formula and measurement point

 TCH Call Drop Rate = TCH Call Drop / Successful TCH Seizures
(all) *100%
 RF lost rate
 TCH RF Lost Rate = (times of radio link disconnection when
TCH seized (connection failure) + times of radio link
disconnection when TCH seized (error indication)) / successful
TCH seizures (all) * 100%
 SDCCH RF Lost Rate = (times of radio link disconnection when
SDCCH seized (connection failure) + times of radio link
disconnection when SDCCH seized (error indication)) /
successful SDCCH seizures (all) * 100%

 TCH blocking rate

 It is a key item used to assess cell load.
 When the load of the cell overruns the system limitation,
try to distribute some traffic to adjacent cells.

 Causes of TCH blocking ( TCH seizure failure )

 Assignment failure
 Equipment fault
 Invalid ground resource
 Ground resource already allocated
 Illegal message contents
 Radio interface failure and return to original channel
 No channel available
 TCH blocking rate

TCH Blocking Rate (including handover) = (TCH seizure failures for call
+ TCH seizure failures for very early assignment + TCH seizure failures
for intra BSC incoming cell handover (no radio resource) + TCH seizure
failures for inter BSC incoming cell handover (no radio resource) ) /
(attempted TCH seizures for call + attempted TCH seizures for very
early assignment + attempted TCH seizures for intraBSC incoming cell
handover + attempted TCH seizures for interBSC incoming cell
handover) *100%
 SDCCH blocking rate

 SDCCH Blocking Rate = times of attempted seizures meeting an
SDCCH blocked state / attempted SDCCH seizures (all) *100%
 SDCCH Blocking measurement point

 Attempted SDCCH seizure meeting a SDCCH blocked state is
counted when there is a SDCCH seizure but no SDCCH
available.
 Attempted SDCCH seizures (all)
 Receive CH_REQ and the channel type is SDCCH.
 Incoming interBSC inter cell handover and the handover type is
SDCCH handover.
 Incoming intraBSC inter cell and intracell handover and the
handover type is SDCCH handover.

 Handover measurement point

 For different objects such as BSC, band (900/1800),
incoming/outgoing, intracell handover and so on, there are
different items.
 By analyzing different items, the problems can be located more
rapidly.

 inter Cell Handover Success Rate = (Successful incoming
internal inter cell handovers + Successful incoming interBSC
inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing internal inter cell
handovers + Successful outgoing interBSC inter cell
handovers) / (Attempted incoming internal inter cell handovers+
Attempted incoming interBSC inter cell handovers + Attempted
outgoing internal inter cell handovers + Attempted outgoing
interBSC inter cell handovers) *100%
 Causes of handover
 Power budget
 Poor uplink signal quality
 Poor downlink signal quality
 Low uplink signal strength
 Low downlink signal strength
 Too large TA value
 Other reasons
Note: Handover types and times for all adjacent cells are
listed in outgoing and incoming inter cell handover
measurement function.
 Handover failure reasons

 No available channel
 Illegal frequency
 Timer timeout
 Illegal channel
 Illegal TA
 Other reasons

 TCH Interference Band measurement

 The result in each TCH interference band shows the average
number of idle TCH within this interference band in the statistic
period, which reflects the average interference level.
 In urban and suburb area, because of different density of base
station and the frequency reuse pattern, the acceptable
interference level is different.
 Cell frequency scan

 Show the signal strength received by main antenna and diversity
antenna.
 Reflect the interference level for this frequency.
 The difference between the measurement results got by main
and diversity antenna reflects the difference between the two
antennas such as direction, gain, path loss and so on.
 Receiving level measurement

 Receiving level measurement function is base on per TCH
channel.
The receiving level is divide into 6 bands

 Band 0 : 110~100dBm
 Band1 : 100~95dBm
 Band 2 : 95~90dBm
 Band 3 : 90~80dBm
 Band 4 : 80~70dBm
 Band 5 : > 70dBm
Exercise
 Exercise
 List the oftenused traffic statistics tasks that we use to locate and
analyze the problem.
 Answer: The oftenused traffic statistics tasks are: BSC measurement
function, TCH and SDCCH measurement function, intercell and intra
cell handover measurement function, outgoing and incoming inter cell
handover measurement function, updown link balance measurement
function, call drop measurement function, cell frequency scan etc.
.
Course Contents

Incoming handover
Low handover successful rate
Outgoing handover
TCH performance
Link Balance
Alarm data
BSC Measurement Function
SDCCH performance
High congestion rate
method for traffic analysis
Link balance
Alarm data
TCH performance
Link balance
High call drop rate

Call drops
 General TCH performance
Alarm data
 Combine Traffic statistics analysis with other optimization

method
 Drive Test: simulate common subscriber’s behavior.
 Analyze objects
 Coverage
 Quality
 Handover
 Signaling
 Others
Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH Call Drop
 TCH call drop analysis ( Analysis diagram )

Cell with high call drop rate
Call drop measurement Cell performance Alarm and

Handover
statistics hardware fault
measurement
Outgoing inter cell Average uplink level at

Call drop times
handover success rate TCH call drops
Average down link level at Interference

Incoming inter cell
TCH call drop band
handover success rate
Causes of
Average uplink quality at
call drop
Handover TCH call drop
failure and re-establish
failure Average downlink quality
at TCH call drop
Average TA value at
TCH call drop
 Call drop types

 Edge call drop: low receiving signaling strength, large TA.
 Short distance call drop: low receiving signal strength and small
TA.
 BQ call drop: high receiving signal strength and poor quality.
 Sudden call drop: before call drop, the call is normal then call
drop happened suddenly.
 Edge call drop

 Causes
 MS is out of cell’s effective coverage area.
 “Island” phenomenon caused by over shooting or missing neighbor.
 isolated site.
 Solutions
 Add new site to guarantee the effective continuous coverage.
 Add the necessary neighbor.
 Adjust antenna height and antenna downtilt, use high gain antenna
 Modify some parameters : “SACCH multiframes ” , “Radio link
timeout counter”, “handover threshold”, “handover statistic time”,

etc..
 Short distance call drop

 Causes
 Poor coverage caused by complicated terrain or high dense
building.
 Solutions
 Increase EIRP.
 Adjust antenna direction and downtilt, make the main lobe point to
high traffic area.
 Adjusting parameters related to call drop.
 BQ call drop( high signal strength)

 Causes
 High transmission bit error rate (BER).
 Uplink or downlink interference.
– Interference caused by Repeater.
– Interference caused by Radar or other similar equipment.
– Interference caused by improper frequency planning.
– Selfinterference caused by BTS.
 Solutions
 Try to find the external interference source.
 Optimize frequency planning.
 Adjust antenna system, avoid “island”.
 Solve the problem of transmission bit ERROR
 Overall process for call drop analysis

 Find out cells with high call drop rate.
 Classify the call drop according to the character.
 Analyze the cells’ traffic load and total call drop times.
 In the call drop measurement function :analyze the call drop
performance.
 Check the interference band.
Note ： First, we shall know the type of the call drop.

 The main causes for call drop

 Interference (internal and external).
 Poor coverage (coverage hole and island).
 Improper handover (neighbor planning and handover parameter
setting).
 Unbalanced updown link (TMA, power amplifier, antenna
direction).
 Improper parameter settings ( RLT and SACCH multiframes).
 Equipment problem (TRX, power amplifier, and TMA).
 Interference analysis process

 Analyze the appearance period of the interference.
 Block TRX one by one to monitor the interference.
 Calculate the handover caused by poor quality and check the
average receiving quality level for each TRX.
 In call drop measurement function: check the average signal
strength and quality for each call drop.
 Through drive test, check the interference and signal quality.
 Use spectrum analyzer.
 Dispose equipment fault (Such as: TRX selfoscillation, antenna
intermodulation).
 Coverage problem analysis

 Traffic items
 In power control measurement function: the average uplink and
downlink signal strengths are too low.
 In receiving level measurement function: a lot of low signal strength
records are found.
 In inter cell handover measurement function: the average receiving
signal strength are too low when handover is triggered.
 In call drop measurement: the signal strength is too low when call
drop happens, or the TA volume is abnormal.
 In undefined adjacent cell measurement function: the neighbor cells
with high average signal strength can be find.

 Judgment method
 In Power Control measurement: check whether the average
distance between MS and BTS comply with design.
 In power control measurement function: check whether the
maximum distance between MS and BTS have abnormal value in
several continuous periods.
 In outgoing inter cell handover measurement function: check
whether the handover successful rate to some cells is low.
 In outgoing inter cell handover measurement function: check the
number of unsuccessful handover with unsuccessful reversion (call
drop caused by handover).

 Disposing method
 Drive test in the expected poor coverage area.
 Adjust the following parameters based on the drive test results: BTS
transmitting power, antenna downtilt and height,
RXLEVEL_ACCESS_MIN.
 Add site to guarantee the continuous coverage.
 Improper handover (neighbor planning and handover

parameters ）
 Check the handover parameters to see whether there are improper
parameter settings.
 In Inter cell handover measurement function: check whether there
are many unsuccessful outgoing cell handover with unsuccessful
reversion.
 In undefined adjacent cell measurement function: check whether the
signal strength and the number of measurement reports for the
undefined neighbor cell is high.
 Unbalanced updown link (tower amplifier, power amplifier, and

antenna directions)
 Analyze “updown link balance measurement function” statistics result and
confirm whether the uplink and downlink are unbalanced.
 In call drop measurement function: analyze the average receiving signal
strength and quality for both the uplink and downlink.
 In power control measurement function: analyze the average receiving
signal strength for both the uplink and downlink.
 Balance between uplink and downlink

 All the measurement reports for certain TRX are sorted into
different level, it reflects the traffic volume of the TRX.
 When sort the result, modifications are made according to power
control, receiving sensitivity of MS and BTS.
 Balance between uplink and downlink

 All the measurement reports for certain TRX are sorted into
different level, it reflects the traffic volume of the TRX.
 When sort the result, modifications are made according to power
control, receiving sensitivity of MS and BTS.
 Improper radio parameter setting (Radio Link timeout, SACCH

multiframes)
 Judgment method
 In system information table: check the radio link timeout counter
 In cell attribute table: check SACCH multiframes, and the timer for
radio link connection.
 Equipment problem (TRX, power amplifier, tower amplifier, etc.)

 Judgment method
 In TCH measure function: many TCH seizure failures due to A interface
problem.
 In call drop measurement function: many call drops due to ground links.
 In TCH measurement function: many TCH seizure failures due to
equipment failure.
 Monitor transmission and board alarms (TC board failure, A interface
PCM synchronization alarm, LAPD link disconnected, TRX alarm);
analyze whether transmission is disconnected or some boards have
fault (for example, the TRX doesn’t work).
Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH Call Drop
 SDCCH call drop

Refer to TCH call drop analysis.
Note: The cause and mechanism of SDCCH call drop are almost the
same as TCH.
Traffic Statistics Analysis-Handover
 Handover analysis (Analysis diagram)

Low Handover Success Rate
Handover Measurement Alarm (Clock),

TCH Measurement Function Function Hardware Fault
Incoming Inter Cell Outgoing Inter Cell Failure Cause of Failure in BSC
Failure
Incoming Inter cell Outgoing Inter cell 1.Illegal Channels

Handover Handover 2.Illegal Carrier
Measurement Function Measurement Function 3.Illegal TA
4.Timer out
5.No available channel
6.Others
 Handover failure analysis

 Causes of handover failure
 Improper handover parameters.
 Hardware fault (TRX board fault).
 Congestion
 Interference
 Coverage
 Clock fault (Internal clock, external clock)
 Handover failure analysis

 Find out the cells with low handover successful rate.
 Find the out the cells with high handover failures.
 Compare the incoming cell handover failures and outgoing cell
handover failures.
 Register the task to measure the incoming cell handover and
outgoing cell handover.
 Find out handover failure relation (failure to all the neighbor cells or
parts of the neighbor cells).
 Improper parameter settings

 Check whether the handover parameter threshold such as TA, BQ
and handover function switch are suitable or not.
 Check whether the successful TCH seizures for handover are much
more than successful TCH seizures for call. If handover times divide
by call times is larger than 3, then it indicates that there maybe has
PingPong handover. Check the parameter setting and adjust them
(layer setting, inter lay handover hysteresis, inter cell handover
hysteresis, PBGT threshold, etc.).
 Check whether the average signal strength is low When the
handover happens. If it is, it indicate the edge handover threshold
are too low.
 Hardware fault
 Problem description
 The target cell has active channels but when applying for the
channels, get NACK or TIMEOUT message.
 TCH availability is abnormal.
 If the call drop rate and congestion rate are high, the equipment
may have some fault.
 Hardware fault
 Disposing process
 Monitor transmission and board alarms (TC board failure, A
interface PCM sync alarm, LAPD link disconnected, power amplifier
board, HPA, TRX alarm board, and CUI/FPU alarm).
 Analyze whether the transmission is disconnected or the boards
have some fault (for example: the TRX is damaged).
 Check whether there is a clock alarm.
 Congestion
 Objects needed to be analyzed

 Cells with low incoming handover successful rate.
 Neighbor of the cell with low incoming handover successful rate.
 Trouble locating
 In incoming inter cell handover Measurement function: check
whether many handover failures caused by congestion.
 Low incoming handover successful rate: check the cell’s traffic .
 Low outgoing handover successful rate: check the neighbor cell’s
traffic.
 Congestion
 Adjust the cell’s coverage (adjust BTS transmitting power,
RXLEVEL_ACCESS_MIN, RACH access threshold, and the antenna
downtilt and height).
 Adjust parameters (CRO, load handover parameters, cell priority and
handover parameters).
 Expand or adjust TRX configuration between high and low traffic cell.
Exercise
 Exercise
 The index “radio handover success rate” is the ratio of
successful handovers to handovers. The handovers is the
measured when sending or receiving HO_CMD or
HO_REQ_RSP in the handover process of handover. Please
write down the possible reason why the radio handover success
rate between BSC is low.
Exercise
 Answer:
There are two kind of outgoing handovers. One is intraBSC

handover, the other is interBSC handover.
The possible reasons are list as following. For interBSC
handover:
 1.If the uplink signal strength of the target cell is low, so MS
can’t access the target cell. Thus the handover fails
 2.If the target cell is a wrong cell that has same BCCH and BSIC
as the real target cell, MS will send access request to a wrong
cell. Then MS can’t access. Thus the handover fails.
 3.If the CGI is wrong, MSC will send the handover request with
wrong CGI. Then MS will send access request to a wrong cell. It
has the same effect as the above one.
Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH Congestion
 TCH congestion
 Main causes
 Insufficient system capacity
 Interference
 Coverage
 Antenna and feeder problems
 Improper parameter setting (system information parameters)
 Insufficient system capacity or traffic unbalanced

 Judgment method
 The traffic is high and is unbalanced between cells.
 There are many channel requests rejection due to channel busy.
 Incoming Handover Measurement shows that there are too many
unsuccessful incoming cell handovers (congestion).

 Expand or adjust the configurations between high and low traffic cell.
 Adjust coverage (adjust BTS transmitting power, antenna direction,
downtilt, height, etc.).
 Adjust parameters (CRO, minimum MS access signal level, enable load
handover, cell priorities, handover parameters).
 Interference (external and internal interference)

 Interference brings unacceptable BER which will affects the
assignment process.
 Downlink Interference makes MS’s DSC decrease to 0, then MS
reselect to another cell with low signal strength, this is the other
potential reason for TCH seizure failure.
 If TCH seizures (including handover) minus TCH seizures meet a
blocking state is large, then there maybe have some interference.
Refer to TCH call drop caused by interference.

 Antenna and feeder problem

 Cell frequency scan: check the measurement results got from main
receiving antenna and diversity receiving antenna.
 In Updown link balance measurement function: check the
measurement report numbers in each rank.
 Check antenna direction, downtilt and connection.

 Check the relevant parameters such as RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN,
CRO, BTS transmitting Power, handover threshold etc..
 Coverage
Refer to coverage analysis for TCH call drop rate.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH Congestion
 SDCCH congestion
 Main causes
 Improper parameter settings (system information)
 Insufficient system capacity
 Improper LAC planning
 Interference

 Judgment method
 Successful immediate assignments / immediate assignment
transmissions >85%.
 The above formula shows the ratio between number of EST_IND
messages that MS sends to BSC and the immediate assignment
commands that BSC sends to BTS. It indicate whether there’s some
improper parameters in the system information.
 Adjust the access parameters (Random access error threshold,
RACH access threshold, Max. retrans, Txinteger).
 Adjust the Location Update related parameters (dualband network
parameters such as CRO, cell reselection hysteresis, T3212).
 Insufficient system capacity

 Many location updates happen at the border of different
location areas.
 Massive location updates happen suddenly.
 Properly plan the location area
 Configure more SDCCH
 Use SDCCH dynamic allocation
 Add more TRX
 Improper LAC planning

 The border of different location area is the street.
 The border of different location area is at the high
traffic area.
 Interference
RACH threshold is low. At the same time, there is some

interference in the system, which will bring a lot of illusory
SDCCH channel requests.
 Properly set the RACH threshold
 Eliminate interference
Course Contents

Case Study-One (Handover)
 Fault description
 Handover successful rate is always very low because of the
congestion (about 70%)
Refer to busy hour traffic statistics on next page.

 In the evening of 3th. Dec, site D located at urban is expanded
from “S2/2/2” to “S3/3/3”. Busy hour handover successful rate
doesn’t got improved after expansion. Sometimes handover
successful rate is lower than before, at the same time lots of
users complain the network’s quality.
Refer to busy hour traffic statistics of 3th. Dec.

 Traffic statistics for 24th.Nov

handover radio handover Intra BSC Intra BSC TCH
success success incoming incoming congestion
Cell
rate rate handover failures handover failures
(no channel available ) (others)
D－1 53.41% 90.02% 397 18 47.53%
D－2 49.82% 93.98% 389 2 67.23%
D－3 57.67% 90.06% 314 51 48.31%
C－ 3 61.25% 91.67% 502 25 40.61%
A－2 78.40% 89.07% 0 33 0
A－3 77.14% 93.80% 0 20 0
F－ 2 76.36% 76.36% 0 12 0
E－ 1 66.22% 88.10% 26 63 5.33%
E－ 2 92.73% 94.44% 0 2 0
E－ 3 83.25% 91.91% 0 6 0
B－3 83.48% 95.53% 0 5 0.75%
Traffic statistics for 13th.Dec

handover radio handover Intra BSC Intra BSC TCH
Cell
D－1 49.75% 52.95% 17 246 5.27%
D－2 56.48% 58.56% 1 161 0.58%
D－3 65.92% 66.08% 0 86 22.37%
C－3 60.58% 66.3% 113 166 0.00%
A－2 70.55% 71.71% 0 0 1.06%
A－3 68.02% 68.95% 0 0 0.00%
F－2 60.61% 60.61% 0 13 0.56%
E－1 63% 64.08% 1 55 0.00%
E－2 61.77% 62.69% 0 20 0.00%
E－3 50.3% 50.3% 0 0 0.00%
B－3 78.60% 82.45% 0 11 0.34%
 Site location
 Analyze
 Analyze traffic statistics before expansion and after expansion, we find

handover failure caused by congestion. Radio handover success rate is
normal before expansion. In Urban area many cells’ radio handover
success rate decreased after expansion, therefore we conclude that the
cause of handover failure after expansion has been changed.
 Analyze urban sites location diagram, we find lots of cells’ radio
handover successful rate are low and these cells have handover
relationship with site D. Therefore we think the handover problem
should cause by site D.
 Analyze
 After we check hardware of site D through maintenance console,

we find the state of TMU board is abnormal and clock is
unstable. Finally we affirm the low handover success rate is
caused by the wrong setting of switches in TMU board. Of
course, the high call drop rate is caused by handover failure.
 The day after processing , busy hour handover success rate is
higher than 90%. So the problem is solved.
Refer to busy hour traffic statistics of 17th. Dec.

Traffic statistics for 17th.Dec

handover radio handover Intra-BSC Intra-BSC TCH
Cell
D－1 86.58% 95.90% 47 10 13.00%
D－2 93.09% 96.88% 10 15 3.40%
D－3 95.57% 96.79% 0 10 0.00%
C－3 86.84% 95.94% 80 7 18.26%
A－2 88.43% 91.51% 1 21 0.48%
A－3 92.56% 94.12% 0 6 0.00%
F－2 98.47% 89.47% 0 1 0.00%
E－1 93.69% 95.59% 1 6 1.44%
E－2 93.55% 93.55% 0 2 0.00%
E－3 97.40% 97.45% 0 1 0.00%
B－3 91.80% 96.89% 10 1 7.92%
 Conclusion and suggestion

 Pay attention to the difference between radio handover success
rate and handover success rate can help us to locate handover
problem efficiently.
 Handover problem sometimes accompanies with call drop and
others, it is a important clew for locating and solve the problem.
Case Study-Two (Call drop)
 When we analyze the traffic statistics, we find that one cell’s call
drop rate is very high, call drop rate in busy hour is large than 2%.
 In cell call drop measurement function: we find that the average
uplink level of call drop is 1 (109dBm), while the downlink level is 26
(84dbm). High call drop rate is caused by unbalance between uplink
and downlink.
 In updown link balance measurement function: we find one TRX is
normal, but there’s some problem for another TRX. Times of level 1
is 0, while times of level 11 is 5833, it means downlink is better than
uplink.
 Analyze
 We exclude the problem of antenna and feeder’s problem

because only one TRX is abnormal. Therefore we think that the
problem maybe caused by the uplink channel of TRX and CDU.
 After we change the CDU, the problem is solved.

 To find the cause of call drop, we should register the following useful
traffic statistics:
1. TCH measurement function

2. Call drop measurement function
3. Inter cell handover measurement function
4. Updown link balance measurement function
By analyzing the result of the above traffic statistics to locate
the cause of the call drop (handover, interference, coverage
etc.) and then register more detailed traffic measurement task.
 DT also is a effective method to solve call drop problem.
Case Study-three (SDCCH blocking)
 In the network, the radio link connection successful rate is low. After
analyzing the traffic statistics, we find that it caused by SDCCH
congestion and the congestion only exists in a few sites.
 Analyze traffic statistics we find that for the congested cell, attempted
SDCCH seizures are from 300 to 400 in a certain hour. The
configuration for all of the BTS is S1/1/1. Each cell have one SDCCH/8
channels. Normally, it can deal with 300400 SDCCH seizures. But it is
very strange that there are dozens of SDCCH congestion at busy hour.
 Analyze
 Register “SDCCH measurement function” and analyze the

result, we find that most of the SDCCH seizure are used for
location update. After we analyze the site distribution, we find
that the congested BTS are located at the cross area of two
location area along railway. So we think that SDCCH congestion
shall be caused by massive location update.
 Analyze
 In SDCCH measurement function: we find that most of the

location update happened in the specific 5 minutes. After
querying the train timetable we find that 4 or 5 trains pass by in
this period. When the trains pass by, a large amount of location
updates happen suddenly.
 After adding more fixed SDCCH and switching on “Dynamic
SDCCH allocation” function, the problem is solved.

 For SDCCH congestion, firstly, we should register SDCCH
measurement function, and analyze the traffic statistics to find the
cause of the problem (Location update, SDCCH handover, call setup
etc.).
 Then check the parameter settings, interference, location area
planning etc., to do further analysis.
 Add SDCCH channel or enable dynamic SDCCH allocation function
can solve the congestion caused by insufficient capacity.
 Set the parameter and plan the location area properly to decrease the
SDCCH congestion.

OMF000503 Traffic Statistics Analysis ISSUE1.5

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OMF000503 Traffic Statistics Analysis ISSUE1.5

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OMF000503

Traffic Statistics Analysis

Brief introduction to BSC traffic statistics

Often-used traffic statistics items analysis

Locate problem through traffic analysis

Case study for traffic statistics

Call process data

 Advanced global Pre­set counters design

 Task list management

The correct answer is 1000. Because of the system

 TCH Blocking Rate

 TCH Blocking Rate

 SDCCH Blocking Rate

 TCH Call Drop Rate

 Radio Link Call Setup Successful Rate

 Note: A key index that show the performance of radio service.

 Handover Successful Rate

 Handover Successful Rate

 MTP Measurement Function  BSC Measurement Function

 Call  A­interface Operation and

 BTS Initial Measurement  Defined Adjacent Cell

 Outgoing  Receiving Quality Measurement

Brief introduction to BSC traffic statistics

Regular traffic statistics items analysis

Locate problem through traffic analysis

Case study for traffic statistics

 Relationship between all kinds of traffic statistics items

 Circuit paging (A­interface) successful rate

 Circuit paging (A­interface) successful rate

 Circuit paging (A­interface) successful rate

 Immediate assignment successful rate

 Circuit paging (A­interface) successful rate

 Causes of TCH call drop

 TCH call drop formula and measurement point

 Circuit paging (A­interface) successful rate

 TCH blocking rate

try to distribute some traffic to adjacent cells.

 Causes of TCH blocking ( TCH seizure failure )

 TCH blocking rate

 SDCCH blocking rate

 SDCCH Blocking measurement point

 Circuit paging (A­interface) successful rate

 Handover measurement point

 Handover Successful Rate

 Handover failure reasons

 Circuit paging (A­interface) successful rate

 TCH Interference Band measurement

 Cell frequency scan

 Receiving level measurement

The receiving level is divide into 6 bands

Brief introduction to BSC traffic statistics

Often-used traffic statistics items analysis

Locate problem through traffic analysis

Case study for traffic statistics

High call drop rate

 Combine Traffic statistics analysis with other optimization

 TCH call drop analysis ( Analysis diagram )

Call drop measurement Cell performance Alarm and

Outgoing inter cell Average uplink level at

Average down link level at Interference

 Call drop types

 Edge call drop

timeout counter”, “handover threshold”, “handover statistic time”,

 Short distance call drop

 Advanced global Preset counters design

 Call  Ainterface Operation and

 Circuit paging (Ainterface) successful rate

 Circuit paging (Ainterface) successful rate

 Circuit paging (Ainterface) successful rate

 Circuit paging (Ainterface) successful rate

 Circuit paging (Ainterface) successful rate

 Circuit paging (Ainterface) successful rate

 Circuit paging (Ainterface) successful rate

 Unbalanced updown link (tower amplifier, power amplifier, and

Refer to TCH call drop caused by interference.

Refer to coverage analysis for TCH call drop rate.

Refer to busy hour traffic statistics on next page.

Refer to busy hour traffic statistics of 3th. Dec.

Refer to busy hour traffic statistics of 17th. Dec.