Filipinos in China before 1500

WILLIAM HENRY SCOTT

OVERVIEW

SOURCE CONTEXTUAL CONTENT

and ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
BACKGROUND
Pre-colonial Philippines

Closest thing we had to a Golden Age

- FilipiKnow

IMAGE Source : https://www.filipiknow.net/life-in-pre-colonial-philippines/

Butuan from Sung Hui Yao Kao, Vol 197

an ancient balangay boat,

the earliest evidence of
Philippine maritime
heritage, was built in

Song Zhenzong of the

Song Dynasty of Imperial
China
IMAGE Source https://imadylelicer.wordpress.com/cultural-and-archaeological-treasures//
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Zhenzong.jpg/220px-Zhenzong.jpg
Mao-li-wu from Chang Hsiehs Tung His Yang Kao, ch.5

If you want wealth, be sure to go to

"

Mao- li-wu, because it's an excellent land for

so small a country."
OVERVIEW

SOURCE CONTEXTUAL CONTENT

and ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
BACKGROUND
CONTEXTUAL Analysis

William Henry Scott

- July 10, 1921 in Detroit, Michigan

- US Navy

- American lay Episcopalian missionary in China

- Yale University, Columbia University, UST,

- English and history teacher in the Phlippines

- died at 72 (October 10 1993)

IMAGE Source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Scott_%28historian%29 ACCESSED June 14, 2017

CONTEXTUAL Analysis

PROBLEMS
1. Trading was complicated
2. Tributes are needed for your place to be recognized
3. Assumption that trade and commerce can only be
carried out through Chinese or Arab shipping in the
South China Sea (Beyer)
CONTEXTUAL Analysis

IMPORTANCE
1. Explorations paved way to discovering new places and
routes.
2. Discusses how trade flourished in the Philippines and
relative countries.
CONTEXTUAL Analysis

RELATED DOCUMENTS
1. "Butuan" from the Sung Hui Yao Kao, Vol. 197
2. "Mao-li-wu" from Chang Hsieh's Tung Hsi Yang K'ao, Ch 5
OVERVIEW

SOURCE CONTEXTUAL CONTENT

and ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
BACKGROUND
 TANG DYNASTY (618-906)

IMAGE Source http://www.artancient.com/antiquities-for-sale/collections/chinese-terracotta-han-tang-figures-sale

/rare-ancient-chinese-tang-dynasty-pottery-dwarf-618-ad.html
 SUNG DYNASTY (960-1279)

EDICT OF 1972
In the fourth year of the K'ai Pao
period [972], a superintendent of maritime
trade was set up in Kwangchow, and
afterwards in Hangchow and Mingchow also a
superintendent was appointed for all Arab,
Achen, Java, Borneo, Ma-i, and Srivijaya
barbarians, whose trade passed through there,
they taking away gold, silver, strings of cash,
lead, tin, many-colored silk, and porcelain, and.
selling aromatics, rhinoceros hom and ivory,
coral, ember, pearls, fine steel, sea-turtle
leather, tortoise shell, carnelians and agate,
c1:rriage wheel rim, crystal, foreign cloth,
ebony sapan wood, and such things.
 SUNG DYNASTY (960-1279)

Bornean Tributary Mission (977)

Pu Luhsieh persuaded the ruler of Brunei of the advantages
of tributary status with the Celestial Empire.

Bornean ruler accepted the status and states that Brunei

was 30 days sail from Ma-I (Mindoro) and Champa
(Vietnam)

Suggests that trade was already prevalent with Ma-I before

the late 9th century.

A tribute mission was the Chinese idea of a fit diplomatic approach from surrounding
Underdeveloped states and tribes. Acknowledgement of emperors primacy and not as
tax nor as a direct source of revenue. Titles were given to such diplomats
 SUNG DYNASTY (960-1279)

First Philippine Tributary Mission (17 March 1001)

Butuan (Pu-tuan)
small country in the sea to the east of Champa, farther
than Ma-i.
47 days away (sailing time).
King Kiling (Chi-ling)

Prohibition on Direct Market Purchases( 1004 )

prohibition of their export of Chinese goods, gold, and
silver, by direct market purchases, especially ceremonial
flags and regimental banners to which they had taken a
predilection.

"People from distant lands don't understand rules and regulations,

- Chinese Minister
 SUNG DYNASTY (960-1279)

Kilings Appeal (1007)

sent another envoy, I-hs-han, with a formal memorial .

Your humble servant observes that the Emperor has bestowed

two caparisoned horses and two large spirit flags on the
Champa envoy; he wishes to be granted the same treatment
and to receive the same favors.
 SUNG DYNASTY (960-1279)

To Honor a Distant Land (1011)

Sri Bata Shaja , New ruler of Butuan.

sent Likan-hsieh with a memorial engraved on a gold tablet,

non-Butuan products like "white dragon" camphor and
Moluccan cloves, and a South Sea slave.

Cloves were such a high commodity item that the Emperor

cannot disregard this tribute.

King Shaja of Butuan = Cherished Transformed General

King Shulan of Sanmalan = Gracious-to-Strangers General
 SUNG DYNASTY (960-1279)

A raid on Great China(1171-1172)

Visayan ( P'i-she-ya) raiders struck the Fukien coast just
south of Ch'iian-chou

Governor Wang Ta-yu relocated 200 families to the area to

support a coast guard detachment and offered a bounty
for the raiders, tactics which quickly produced more than
400 captives and the death of all the leaders.

County Clerk Chou Tin~hen fend them off at Liu-ngo bay.

"P'i-she-ya faces are as dark as lacquer and their language

incomprehensible Gov. Wang

Romance of Datong Sumangga who made a raid on Grand

China to win the hand of beautiful Princess Bugbung
Humayanun of Bohol.
 SUNG DYNASTY (960-1279)

Sung Great Exploration (1178)

overseas trade was still unaware that some of China's
trading partners were on the eastern side of the South China
Sea, and flatly says the world comes to an end just east of
Java.
Chinese merchants to carry their goods abroad in their own
vessels and offered bonuses for doing so. (shipbuilding
techniques improved and the mariner's compass were
utilized)
 SUNG DYNASTY (960-1279)

Chinas discovery of the Philippines(1206 & 1225)

1206, cottonf-producing or -exporting Mindoro, Palawan,
Basilan, and San-hsl (probably the islands between
Mindoro and Palawan)

By 1225, the Babuyanes also, and probably Lingayen, Luzon,

and Lubang Island as well, and perhaps even Manila
(Mali-lu).

Dependents of Brunei (1325-1346)

Malilu, Ma-i, Butuan, Sulu, and Minto-lang

reflects a direct China-Philippines trade route plied by sea-

going junks out of Fukienese ports
 SUNG DYNASTY (960-1279)

Tao I Chih Leh by Wang Ta-yan (1346)

The men often take [our] ships to

Ch'an-chou, where brokers take all their
goods to have them tattooed all over, and
when they get home, their countrymen
regard them as chiefs and treat them
ceremoniously and show them to the
highest seat, without even fathers and
elders being able to compete with them,
for it is their custom so to honor those who
have been to Tang [ie., China].
 MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

Rise of the Ming Empire(1368)

dispatched emissaries to invite, or persuade, other countries
and tribes to send tribute missions. Borneo responded in 1371,
Okinawa in 1372, and Luzon in 1373.
Threatens for tribute missions.
Sulus First Tribute Mission (1417)
three royal personages arrived with a retinue of 340 wives., relatives,
ministers, and retainers, and presented a memorial inscribed on
gold, and such tribute as pearls, precious stones, and tortoise shell

Paduku Batara of the East Country (Eastern King)

Maharaja Kolamating of the West Country (Western King)

Paduka Prabhu dubbed as wife of him from the caves (Cave King)
 MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

Sulus First Tribute Mission (1417)

OCTOBER 8; Sulu delegates took their leave, proceeding down the

Grand Canal accompanied by military escorts and laden with gifts
and chinaware. I

In the government hostel in Tehchow, Shantung, Paduka Batara (EK)

died. Imperial ministers promptly arrived to construct a tomb with
memorial arch and gateway and erect a memorial tablet which
names him "Reverent and Steadfast"

IMAGE Source http://www.filipiknow.net/paduka-pahala-ancient-sulu-king-buried-in-china/

 MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

Sulus First Tribute Mission (1417)

Bataras eldest son,
Tumahan, was proclaimed his
successor, and his concubine,
two younger sons, and 18
attendants were given
accommodations and pensions
to observe the appropriate three-
year mourning rites.

His second son Wenhali and third son Antulu,at that time, they could
not mix with the Chinese because of their language, but the Muslims all
took them in, and led their children and grandchildren to practice their
Muslim customs, so they adopted their faith . . . Now there are 56
households of them, scattered in the northern and western barrios, and
they intermarry with the Muslim people.
 MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

Sulus Tribute Missions (1417-1430s)

On 15 December 1417, High Commissioner Chang Ch'ien was
dispatched to the Philippines to take back Tumahan back to Sulu and
to bring Kumalalang, Mindanao, into line.

He presented impressive gifts to Kumalalang King Kanlai lpentun like

velvet brocade and skeins of heavy silk yarn, and seems to have
spent more than two years there for the Kumalalang ruler followed
him back to China in 1420.

On 14 May1421, Paduka Suli (EKs younger brother) left his mark in

Chinese history by presenting a pearl weighing seven ounces.

3 November 1424, young King La-pi of Kumalalang sent Chief

Batikisan and others with a gold-engraved memorial, and the
following week a number of other countries appeared, headed by
Chief Sheng-ya-li-pa-yii of Sulu.
 MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

Sulus Tribute Missions (1417-1430s)

The mysterious land of Sulu, with its pearls so lustrous they glowed
under the sea at night and royal princes settled right in Shantung
province, soon appeared in popular literature
A Ming drama titled Hsia Hsi Yang (Voyage to the Western
Ocean)
Sulu also receives more space in official Ming annals than any
other Philippine state.
ANALYSIS

MA-I
VS
BUTUAN
VS
SULU VS KUMALALANG
ANALYSIS

TANG VS SUNG VS MING

 REFERENCES

1. Brief references are found in the early dynastic histories--the A.D. 84 Han Shu, 290 San
Kuo Chih, 419 Hou Han Shu, 558 Sung Shu, and 643 Sui Shu
2. "A study of references to the Philippines in Chinese sources from the earliest times to the
Ming Dynasty," Philippine Social Sciences and Humanities Review, Vol. 24 (1959)
3. https://www.filipiknow.net/life-in-pre-colonial-philippines/
4. Filipinos in China before 1500 by William Henry Scott with Chinese translation by Go
bon Juan ( Manila: De La Salle University Chinese Studies Program)
5. http://www.artancient.com/antiquities-for-sale/collections/chinese-terracotta-han-tang-
figures-sale/rare-ancient-chinese-tang-dynasty-pottery-dwarf-618-ad.html ACCESSED
June 14, 2017
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty. ACCESSED June 14, 2017
7. http://www.filipiknow.net/paduka-pahala-ancient-sulu-king-buried-in-china/ACCESSED
June 14, 2017
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Scott_%28historian%29 ACCESSED June 14,
2017
9. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/tang/tang-dynasty-emperors.htm
ACCESSED June 14, 2017